Götterdämmerung and Aftermath

On 4 January 1945, U.S. General George S. Patton wrote a remarkable thing in his war diary:

“We can still lose this war."

It was a remarkable statement, since the last large German offensive of World War Two, the Battle of the Bulge, was all but finished.

The victorious Allied armies, like their Soviet counterparts in the East, were poised to deal the final death blows to Hitler’s crumbling Third Reich.

Optimism prevailed at the Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force [SHAEF].

For some reason, General "Blood and Guts" Patton, despite his well known public image of bravado and optimism, had serious private fears and reservations.

The question is: Why?

Why indeed, since on any conventional military appraisal, the German Reich was finished.

It was only a matter of... time.

But even with the ill-fated German Ardennes offensive -the Battle of the Bulge- there is more than meets the eye.

The objective of the German offensive was, according to the standard explanation, to break through thinly held American lines in the Ardennes, drive behind the Allied lines in Holland:

• To seize the port of Antwerp, and drive a wedge between American and British forces
• ​To cut the supply lines to British Field Marshal Sir Bernard Law Montgomery’s armies in the Netherlands.

But the standard explanation fails simply for the reason that the Allies would have been capable of using Dutch ports to supply the “trapped” armies.

Thus, the end of the war presents, behind the “obvious” and “well known 'facets',” yet another mystery.

What really was the Nazi leadership trying to do, and why would it have caused such concern to General Patton to cause him to remark about it in his diary? 

British author Geoffrey Brooks pinpoints the hidden military and political reasoning that lay behind the Nazi offensive by raising precisely this question.:

"itler’s Luftwaffe ADC Nikolas von Below remarked in his 1982 memoirs that even he could not understand why Hitler wanted to go to Antwerp - 'a place that led nowhere'.

But the answer may lie in a curious order placed in German shipyards in the period leading up to the surprise German offensive,:

An order for twenty-four “500-ton submersible barges able to transport and launch V-2 rockets” was placed at yards in Stettin and Elbing.

And London was just within range of the V-2 from Antwerp.

But the mystery does not yet end, for an offensive merely to resume the V-2 bombardment of England does not yet make sense.

According to Brooks, one only begins to see the logic behind the German offensive by seeing it connected to a resumption of V-2 attacks, for “the V-2 campaign had been a failure.

"Hitler knew that. There had to be something extra to make all this worthwhile".

What that “something extra” was, was hinted at by the Deputy Commanding General for the US Army Air Force’s Intelligence, Lieutenant General Donal Putt, shortly after the war in 1946.

Brooks’ comments are worth citing extensively: 

"[Lt. General Putt] told the Society of Aeronautical Engineers:

']The Germans were preparing rocket surprises for the whole world in general and England in particular which would have, it is believed, changed the course of the war if the invasion had been postponed for so short a time as half a year.'.

"Putt was also quoted in an aside as having stated that 'the Germans had V-2s with atomic explosive warheads'. 

- Geoffrey Brooks, "Hitler's Terror Weapons: From VI to Vimana" [Pen and Sword Books: Barnsley, South Korshire, 2002],

In other words, the Nazi A-bomb is the hidden logic at work in the operational plans of both sides late in the war.,

It is very likely the hidden operational logic behind the otherwise militarily indefensible German offensive in the Ardennes.

Small wonder then, that Patton would remark "We can still lose this war", even at such a late date.

Similarly, if this scenario is the basis of his remarks, then it also serves to indicate that America’s most celebrated field commander was also privy to some very sensitive information.

A number of articles appeared in the post-war Western press to corroborate the notion that the war was won, not against a tottering Reich, but just in the nick of time.

The articles usually accompanied these evaluations with revelations of Nazi secret weapons, most of them on the “fantastic” end of the spectrum.

But even the American aerospace firm Convair [Consolidated Vultee] with a two page advertisement in "Life" magazine in its 27 August 1945 edition had an "article" entitled ''By the Skin of our Teeth'.

"Several times during the European phase of this war, victory was almost within Germany’s grasp..on land, on the sea, or in the air.

"Above all, knowing the vital importance of air supremacy, the Nazis tried time and again to wrest it back from the Allies. And they almost succeeded. 

"Especially in the last months of the war, our margin of safety was slimmer than most of us suspected.

"Just how slim it was is known best to certain American military experts who have since inspected some of Germany's underground research laboratories and war plants.

"Here they saw secret weapons in various stages of development...

"Weapons which might conceivably have turned the trick for the Nazis if they could have used them boldly in a last desperate gamble.

"Some of these things can be revealed. Others cannot - vet".

In one plant, U.S. Army officers found partially assembled jet fighters of radical new design, potentially better than anything the Allies had in combat at that time.

If time had not run out, these jet planes might have changed the balance of air power in  favor pf the Germans.

In a V-rocket plant, burrowed 800 feet deep in lime stone rock, technicians found blueprints for a fearful V bomb with an estimated range of 3,000 miles

A German rocket egineer said:

“We planned to destroy New York and other American cities starting in November".

In a converted salt mine, ordnance officers examined nearly completed jet-propelled heavy bombers......

Bombers claimed by the Germans to be capable of carrying high explosives into the industrial cities of the eastern United States and flying back again across the Atlantic.

In 1944 the RLM issued a requirement for an aircraft with a range of 11,000 km [6835 miles] and a bomb load of 4,000 kg [8,818lbs]. 

This bomber was to be able to fly from Germany to New York City and back without refuelling. 

Five of Germany's top aircraft companies had submitted designs, but none of them met the range requirements for this Amerika Bomber.

Their proposals were redesigned and resubmitted at the second competition, but nothing had changed.

The Hortens were not invited to submit a proposal because it was thought that they were only interested in fighter aircraft.   

After the Hortens learned of these design failures, they went about designing the XVIIIA Amerika Bomber. 

The version that the Hortens thought would work best would utilize six Jumo 004B turbojets, which were buried in the fuselage and exhausted over the rear of the aircraft.

They were fed by air intakes located in the wing's leading edge. To save weight they thought of using a landing gear that could be jettisoned immediately after takeoff [with the additional help of rocket boosters] and landing on some kind of skid. T

he Ho XVIII A was to be built mainly of wood and held together with a special carbon based glue. As a result, the huge flying wing should go largely undetected by radar.

The Hortens were told to make a presentation for their Amerika Bomber design on 25 February 1945 in Berlin. 

 A few days later the Hortens were told to report to Reichsmarshall Göring, who wanted to talk to the brothers personally about their proposed Amerika Bomber. There they were told that they were to work with the Junkers company in building the aircraft.

Several days later Reimar and Walter Horten met with the Junkers engineers, who had also invited some Messerschmitt engineers. 

Suddenly it seemed that the Horten's design was to be worked on by committee. The Junkers and Messerschmitt engineers were unwilling to go with the design that the Hortens had presented several days earlier. 

Instead, the committee wanted to place a huge vertical fin and rudder to the rear of the Ho XVIII A. 

Reimar Horten was angry, as this would add many more man-hours, plus it would create drag and thus reduce the range. 

Dissatisfied with the committee designed Ho XVIII A, Reimar Horten redesigned the flying wing Amerika Bomber.

The proposed Ho XVIII B had a three man crew which sat upright in a bubble-type canopy near the apex of the wing.

There were two fixed main landing gear assemblies with two He S 011 turbojets mounted to each side.

During flight, the tires would be covered by doors to help cut down on air resistance and drag, a nose wheel being considered not necessary.

Overall, the aircraft would have weighed about 35 tons fully loaded. Fuel was to be stored in the wing so that no auxiliary fuel tanks would be required.

It was estimated that the Ho XVIII B would have a range of 11,000 km [6,835 miles], a service ceiling of 16 km [52,492 feet] and a round-trip endurance of 27 hours. 

It was decided that construction was to be done in two bomb-proof hangers near Kala, which had concrete roofs 5.6 meters [18.4 feet] thick.

In addition, extra long runways had been constructed so the aircraft could be test flown there too. Work was supposed to start immediately, and the RLM expected the Ho XVIII B to be built by the fall of 1945, which Reimar Horten reported to be impossible.

At any rate, Germany surrendered two months later before construction could begin.

Göring said the planes had been successfully test-flown and would have been in operation if Germany could have held out three months longer. 

V-1 with Atomic Warhead

This suggests that there was more to German rocketry at the end of the war than lobbing short-ranged V-ls and V-2s on London and other western European cities. 

If blueprints for a rocket with a 3,000 mile range were found at the end of the war, this strongly suggests that the rumored inter-continental Amerikarakete was nearing production.

This implies that the prototype may have already been tested.

The "we won in the nick of time" attitude is corroborated by two very unlikely sources.

Project Mercury and Gemini astronaut Gorden Cooper revealed that at the war’s end  America was only one week f'rom catastrophe.

But even more sensational corroboration of General Patton’s gloomy assessment comes from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt himself.

After receiving information via Turkey that the Germans were working on a “V-3” that could strike the east coast of the U.S. President Roosevelt revealed in a letter to his cousin Daisy on 6 December 1944, the real reason for his concern. 

Not the rocket itself, but the fact that the Germans possessed "a weapon named V-3, that could destroy anything within a circumference of a kilometer with a single blow".

The dating here is significant, for it would place Roosevelt's letter after both the German fuel-air bomb tests and, more importantly, after the alleged A-bomb test on the island of Rügen, on 10-11 October 1944.

Italian eyewitness Luigi Romersa, who described the test in detail, leaves out of his description any observation of the fusing of the soil at the test site into the glassy silicate covering associated with above ground low altitude nuclear tests.

This fact weighs strongly against the test having been of a nuclear device though other signatures of the device tested there resemble a nuclear bomb. Background radiation on Rügen appears too small for a nuclear device. Romersa might thus be obfuscating his testimony; perhaps the test was elsewhere in the Baltic, or perhaps the test was of a large fuel-air bomb? 

Hitler's Nazis developed an Atom Bomb carried by a flying saucer, documentary claims
German film makers draw on Russian and American reports to investigate a mystery involving UFO sightings, devastating explosions and secret SS work camps
By Stephen White
The Mirror
30 July 2015

Nazi Germany may have perfected an atomic bomb and a "flying saucer" to deliver it in the dying days of WW2.

 

TTests were even carried out, and Russian prisoners of war were sacrificed to test the bomb’s efficiency. a German TV documentary claims.

"The Search for Hitler’s Atom Bomb" on the ZDF channel quotes from sealed records from Russia and America, proving that secret and frenzied research brought the Third Reich close to a weapon of mass destruction.

There are: Interrogation reports of Nazi scientists, eyewitness accounts, records left behind by researchers, many of whom shipped to America after the war.

Historian Matthia Uhl said that the race to develop an A-bomb went into overdrive in the last year of the war., even though Germany was being defeated on every front.

The programme focuses on SS General Hans Kammler, who Hitler, put in charge of the race for nuclear fission.

He was given 175,000 concentration camp inmates for slave labour in the weapons factories, tank production lines and building secret Bunkers

One of his main projects –still classified by the Americans– was the Jonas Valley in Thuringia, eastern Germany, the supposed site of Hitler’s nuclear and space programmes.

One test was said to have been carried out at the beginning of March 1945.

The US has placed a 100-year secrecy order on the files concerning the valley and what went on in the secret tunnels the Nazis carved into it.

Now sealed off, authorities play a cat-and-mouse game with conspiracy theorists every weekend at the site.

They believe the Americans found two things in the tunnels - a primitive nuclear bomb and a flying saucer meant to deliver it.

Throughout the latter stages of the war there were reported sightings of flying saucer type craft - nicknamed "foo fighters".

Allied Intelligence and commanders suspected that foo fighters reported in Europe were advanced German aircraft.

Project Sign, the first U.S. Air Force UFO investigation group, noted that the advanced flying wing designs of the German scientists were similar to some UFO reports.

ZDF quoted Soviet documents from Russian military Intelligence agents who speak of two nuclear tests in Thuringia.

“The Germans are in the throes of making and testing a new secret weapon, which has a large destructive force,” said the Soviets.

“"The available bomb has a diameter of 1.5 meters. It consists of interlocking hollow balls".

Another Russian report said: “Communicated by our reliable source from Germany: the Germans have conducted two explosions in Thuringia with great force".

Trees in the Jonas Valley were reportedly felled almost two thousand from the epicentre of the blast.

The secret reports also claimed Russian prisoners of war “in the centre of the explosion were killed and often no trace remained of them. Also a strong radioactive effect has been observed".”

Declassified American Intelligence reports showed that America’s supreme commander in Europe, Dwight Eisenhower, ordered reconnaissance flights over the valley but they proved inconclusive.

But the programme was unable to find where the weaponised Uranium the Nazi scientists would have needed for the bomb came from, and admits many pieces of the Nazi atomic puzzle are still missing.

President Roosevelt and General Patton were not the only senior Allied officials to express private reservations about the future course of the war at that late date.

Indeed, behind the Allied superiority in all conventional arms, there lurked a disquieting fact, a fact made clear by the following secret memorandum:

Secret Headquarters United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe [Rear] Office of the Director of Intelligence AAF Sta 390 APO 633, U.S. Army

5 January 1945
MEMORANDUM:
To: Brigadier General George C. McDonald, D. of 1., Hq., USSTAF.

• YYou will recollect that the SHAEF forecast, arrived at after D- day in 1944, placed the capitulation of Germany at the end of December of that year.
  It is believed that this SHAEF forecast strongly influenced the planning in Washington and in this theater.
  Predicated upon this date, questions of type U.S. Air Force equipment, weapons, tactics, training and supplies were decided.
• Hitler's Germany did not place the termination date of this war at the end of 1944.
  Hitler’s Germany has indicated with determination and virility that it expects this war to continue for a long and indefinite period of time, and that it is struggling to gain supremacy in weapons as well as generalship.
• With the exception of a few modifications and improvements in the U.S. Air Forces in this theater are fighting w'ith substantially the same weapons as they used in 1942.
• From 1942 through 1944 the aircraft and equipment of the U.S. Army Air Forces were superior in practically every detail to anything the enemy had in this theater.
• Indeed, weapons and equipment in general, whether belonging to the Ground Troops or to the Air, enjoyed for the U.S. superiority during this first period.
• This period ended 31 December 1944 with Germany still fighting, but Germany is not fighting with the weapons of 1942.
• She is leading the world in tested jet propelled airplanes, long range missiles, new type submarines and, in certain classes, better tanks.
  A large part of her manufacturing facilities have gone underground and she is bending every sinew for the last stand on the Vaterland frontiers.
• Our Ground Armies, despite superiority in manpower and quantity of equipment, are presently engaged more in defensive than offensive fighting,
  Unless this state of affairs is quickly changed or the Russians actually drive through to Berlin and victory, we must face the grim expectation of fighting Germany and her new capabilities through greater 1945.
• The new submarine threat is mounting and we may expect that the Admiralty and our Navy will soon bring pressure to bear on the United States Strategic Air Forces to go after submarine yards, pens and components manufacture.
  The tank and armored vehicle industry is proving a fresh and considerable menace in the present Western campaigns, so pressure might be expected from the Ground Annies to devote a part of our bombardment weight to these production centers.

A special report had been prepared by Lt. Col. Haines dealing with the growing menace of jet aircraft...

- Cited in Friedrich Georg, "Hillers Siegeswaffen" [Schleusingen, Germany: Amun Verlag, 2004]

If this somber assessment did not succeed in warning General McDonald of the true nature of the situation, it was spelled out in no uncertain terms in the conclusions at the end of the document:

Conclusion:

• The war has not terminated in accordance with SHAEF plans.
• SHAEF timing has dominated the development of equipment, training programs and establishment of manpower and supply for this theater.
• The first cycle and period of the war has ended without the capitulation of Germany and with Germany leading in the development of principal new weapons and methods, which will be included in her capabilities during 1945.

In other words, the Germans simply were not complying with SHAEF’s desires for them to roll over and surrender in the face of overwhelming Allied numerical superiority.

As the document indicates, that very numerical superiority was threatened with immanent obsolescence, if not being totally obsolete, in 1945.

Germany, which had invented modem combined-arms maneuver warfare as a means of off-setting her potential opponents’ numerical superiority, was about to change the nature of warfare yet again, and catch the Allies flatfooted, unprepared, and off balance.

But was the reality of German potential in fact in line with these gloomy Allied Intelligence prognostications? 

Late war German war-making potential is perhaps best summarized by a series of recently declassified documents -first uncovered by British researcher Nick Cook- called “Project Lusty".

This, as Polish researcher Igor Witkowski observes, was a “parallel operation in relation to ‘Paperclip'.

Its contents are "such an absolute revelation that it gives the impression of being a story from another planet".

The Project Lusty documents consist of a descriptive section as well as a list of Itelligence facilities/targets in the occupied Reich.

In the descriptive section, at the very beginning, mention is made for example of seized German evacuation transports - U-Boats.

This concerns facts that not only shed a completely new light on the end of World War II and the issue of the Third Reich’s scientific and technical achievements, but above all are shocking with the awareness that they are still clouded in a curtain of secrecy. 

Under the aegis of this program alone, and by its own admission, some 110,000 tons of scientific papers were transferred over three months to a center in the United States, where they were then processed and disseminated to the interested agencies of the US government.

As if that were not enough.. the records of the German Patent Office, for instance, were found buried 1,500 feet underground in a potash mine near Bacha.

There were approximately 225,000 volumes, which included secret files.... Eventually, the files were evacuated and studied..... 

- Igor Witkowski, "The Truth About the Wunderwaffe" , trans. from the Polish by Bruce Wenham [Farnborough, England: Books International = European History Press, 2003]

This is a crucial revelation, for the simple reason that all patents in the Third Reich were secretly scrutinized by a highly classified SS entity called Forschung, Entwicklung, Patente, which answered to an SS Obergruppenführer Emil Mazuw.

The most important research project for anti-gravity, the Bell, was controlled and co-oordinated by a top-secret cell, the SS-Führungshauptamt, Amtsgruppe "A“, T. Amt VIII - Forschung, Entwicklung, Patente.

Even today,  very few people know that such an institution ever existed.

The man who commanded "Amt VIII" is also virtually unknown - SS-Gruppenführer Otto Schwab, as well as other leading figures.

They were all high-ranking generals, including SS SS-Obergruppenführer Emil Mazuw and SS-Brigadenführerr Heinrich Gärtner. 

It is unlikely to find anything about them - simply for the reason that none of the original documents survived the war, at least not in Germany.

Nothing can better demonstrate the ability of the SS to keep details of specific projects secret, especially their most important project.

The armament project was under the direction of General Hans Kammler, but the names of the persons responsible for special research areas or to whom Kammler sent the reports are not well known.

This most significant armaments project completely was to be carried out independently of other institutions, in particular without Speer's Reichsministerium für Rüstung und Kriegsproduktion [Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production] being informed.

Project Lusty’s revelation accordingly prompts a very serious question:

Did the American Intelligence teams simply “blindly stumble onto” this treasure trove? Or were they led there? The last possibility seems more likely, as it is known that Hans Kammler returned to Prague and the Skoda Works at Pilsen -headquarters of his “Think Tank”- in the last days of the war.

As Nick Cook hypothesizes, Kammler did so to put the finishing touches on gathering up all his files and gathering them together to barter for his life.

Thus, if the Americans knew where to look, this information could only have come to them from some source inside the Kammlerstab.

It is well known that SS General Karl Wolff undertook secret surrender negotiations with OSS station chief in Zürich, Allen Dulles, in the closing days of the war. What is little known, however, is that this process was taking place with the tacit blessing of none other than Adolf Hitler and Nazi Party Reichsleiter Martin Bormann, by then the real master of Nazi Germany.

 Bormann's role in all these late-war negotiations with the Americans was the exchange of technology for the lives of leading Nazis. 

This permits one to speculate on a secret history that possibly underlies the strange constellation of events in southern and south central Germany, and Bohemian Czechoslovakia, at the end of the war. Among those events one must highlight the following:

• General Patton's rapid drive across southern Germany toward the Skoda Works at Pilsen in Czechoslovakia and Allied thrusts toward the Harz Mountain SS installations in Thuringia
• The secret negotiations between OSS station chief Allen Dulles and SS General Wolff
• The disappearance of SS General Hans Kammler
• The disappearance of Kammler’s most highly classified research project, “the Bell,” along with all its project documentation

And finally,  the ironic -and extremely suspicious- death of General George Patton shortly after the war’s end.

A speculative pattern emerges, for if Wolff was secretly negotiating with Dulles with the tacit approval of Bormann -and Bormann’s approval meant Hitler’s as well- then it is likely that the collateral was the treasure trove of the Kammlerstab's documents, which would have included the secret patents of the Third Reich, seized and classified by the Forschung, Entwicklung, und Patente.

The unerring precision with which late war American thrusts -largely by Patton’s Third Army- toward the most secret centers and installations of Kammler’s black projects empire were guided can only indicate that at some very high level the Americans were receiving "inside information" that came from an equally high level within the Third Reich: Kammler and Bormann.

Patton may either have been the point man in some of these operations, or, as is more likely, was simply privy to a vast amount of first hand field Intelligence reports that allowed him to piece together a thorough and nearly complete overview of the extent of Nazi black projects.

One may speculate that Patton’s field reports at this time constituted a kind of “Kammler Index” of the Third Reich's secret weapons projects.

In either case, he would have been in a position to disclose a vast and hidden Intelligence operation, not the least of which included a Faustian bargain for exotic technology and post-war co-operation between the Nazis and the western Allies, particularly with the United States.

And what of the treasure trove itself?

A glance at more unusual German secret weapons will demonstrate why General Patton in early 1945 -perhaps already “in the loop" on the secret negotiations taking place, and the “technological potential” the Allies faced if those negotiations were not successful- expressed serious private reservations about the Allies “still being able to lose this war.",

Death Beneath the Seas: The Extraordinary Capabilities of the Type XXI U-Boat

One of the deadliest potentials that was already coming into production as the war approached its end: The very new, and very lethal, German Type XXI U-Boat.

The Type XXI represented no mere prototype waiting to see production; it was not mere potential.

It was a very real and present danger that would have presented the Allies no end of difficulties at sea had the war continued even just a few weeks longer.

The Type XXIs possessed the Walther turbine utilizing hydrogen peroxide, that allowed a speed of some 17.2 knots submerged.

According to the first trials information of the Kriegsmarine, capable of a submerged depth of 330 meters, with a submerged speed closer to 21 or 22 knots according to some reports. 

The Type XXI could continue at this phenomenal underwater speed for some 340 miles before having to slow to recharge its accumulators.

The Type XXI, unlike the subs of every other navy or even its predecessors in the Kriegsmariene, was not merely a submersible; it was, in fact, the first truly modern submarine vessel, a vessel designed to do most of its traveling under water, not merely a vessel that could submerge when necessary.

With its special “radar absorbent material” coating, its newer streamlined Schnorchel device, and its tremendous maximum possible submerged depth, the submarine managed to be undetectable to American surface vessels at a mere 200 meters away when the U.S. Navy conducted tests on one specimen in 1946..

As Igor Witkowski puts it, the submarine “was a jump from the level of the 1940s into the 1960s".

But even this recitation does not even begin to exhaust its truly deadly potential in naval warfare. If an Allied aircraft somehow managed to elude its on board radar and four 20 millimeter turreted anti-aircraft guns on either side of the boat’s streamlined conning tower, the submarine could be completely under water in a mere 18 seconds. 

Unlike any other submarine in any other navy, the Type XXI’s captain would not even have to see his target to fire torpedos at it.

The submarine possessed a completely revolutionary system of torpedo fire control, enabling it to carry out effective attacks even at complete submersion, the target positions being determined by creating three-dimensional co-ordinates of the noise’s source through recalculating of delays received by various microphones placed on the submarine's hull.

After an attack the Type XXI escaped at maximum speed, at which the enemy's sonar was totally ineffective [It maintained effectiveness up to approx. 12 knots].

The potential of the Type XXI was thus not a mere “potential”. It was a deadly reality. One can only imagine what a Type XXI equipped with the new wire-guided or acoustic-homing torpedoes would have done to Allied shipping had it entered service in sufficient numbers. After all, a Type XXI with conventional torpedos was bad enough...

Death in the Air: The Sound Barrier Too?

The Project Lusty documentation indicates that the Type XXI’s deadly performance characteristics were matched, if not surpassed, by similar German developments in aerial warfare.

With the Allied and Soviet Air Forces’ increasing dominance of the skies over Germany, it became vital for the Luftwaffe to pursue unconventional avenues toward recovering mastery of the air over Germany.

One such solution, the Focke Wulfe Triebfliigel, is well-known to researchers.

This “vertical take-off and landing” or VTOL fighter was a viable solution.

There was no need to try to take off or land on bombed and cratered airfield runways.

Consisting of three rotating wings around a central fuselage, each wing was tipped with a ramjet engine.

The wings could in turn be rotated to increase or decrease the angle of attack.

With rockets to assist the ramjets to get started, the Triebfliigel was in effect a vertical take-off and landing jet-airplane combined with a helicopter.

Witkowski describes it as follows:

"The name could be translated as 'propulsive wing', reflecting its unusual principle of operation. During take-off and landing the lifting surfaces performed the function of a helicopter’s rotor, whereas during flight at high speed they 'transformed' into wings....

"Three ramjet engines were mounted on the wing tips, each with a maximum thrust of 840 KG. During take-off they were boosted by three Walter rocket engines, accelerating the wings to a speed enabling the ramjet engines to be started". 

Prior to the publication in English of Witkowski’s research, however, little was known about the performance capabilities of this unconventional aircraft, and it remained a curiosity.

Witkowski, however, managed to procure a post-war Polish report on the actual test results the craft managed to achieve:

The maximum vertical speed did not exceed 124 km/h. After climbing to a sufficient altitude, the aircraft commenced horizontal flight with the adjustment of control surfaces and ailerons. [...] In horizontal flight the aircraft reached a speed of 1,000 km/h. The rotor operated at 520 rpm, which after conversion gave a rotational speed of the tips of 1,500 km/h.

The initial rate of climb amounted to 7.5 km/min.

Rotor working time - 42 min., range 640 km. At an altitude of 11  km horizontal speed amounted to 800 km/h.

Note that the speed of the craft at normal altitudes was 1,000 kilometers per hour, or approximately 600 miles per hour.

Note also that the craft was apparently capable of reaching altitudes of some 11 kilometers, or about six and a half miles above the surface, far above the normal operational altitudes of most Allied and Soviet aircraft of the war.

The performance characteristics cited are made even more remarkable by the fact that the Triebflugel and similar craft were apparently brought to the United States as part of Project Lusty: A report reached Lt Col. O'Brien’s party that a “strange aircraft” had been seen in a mountainous retreat near Salzburg. 

nvestigation quickly determined that this "strange aircraft" was a jet-propelled helicopter, the only one of its kind in the world.

The inventor and his entire staff, who had laboriously worked ten years to perfect it, were present, guarding his invention as one would a precious jewel.

The helicopter was examined, and a preliminary superficial interrogation of the staff was sufficient to reveal its tremendous importance.

It was carefully loaded in a large truck and taken to Munich. From there it was sent across Europe to France, placed on a boat and shipped to Wright Field, together with the confiscated notes, drawings, and meticulous records of experiments conducted by the scientist and his assistants.

The Triebfliigel and similar other projects were thus for the American military no mere curiosities. They represented significant technological advances over then existent American aerospace technology.

But now a question occurs: If the machine -and there was only one such of its kind in the world- was brought to Wright Patterson Airfield, and its scientists interred and papers confiscated, how did the post-war Polish Communist government know so much about its performance within six years of the war's end?

The standard answer is, of course, that there were Soviet spies within the program, and that is the most likely explanation.

But there is another possible answer  looms, and that is that it is possible that all these programs were continued after the war in a variety of host countries including Russia, and yet were independently co-ordinated from some hidden center, passing information back and forth between the cells in various host countries via a continuing “Nazi International".

Ihe Triebfliigel also points to another direction wartime German research pursued, and pursued with a vengeance: high performance ramjet-propelled aircraft.

Indeed, when entering this area of inquiry, one is again entering one of those areas where the reality of wartime German accomplishments in secret weapons research was in diametric contradiction to the post-war Allied Legend.

in this case, the legend is not about the Allies having acquired the A-bomb while the Nazis remained incompetent nuclear bunglers

It is about the fact that an American, Chuck Yeager, was the first human to pilot an aircraft through the sound barrier, an event that occurred after the war’s end and the beginning of America’s own black projects in exotic aircraft and space-based weapons.

The story begins with the acknowledged expert on ramjets, Prof. Dr. Alexander Lippisch, and his designs for a delta-winged P-1 3b ramjet aircraft. The goal of the project was to produce a super-sonic aircraft with a cheap, reliable propulsion system.

Lippisch produced a number of designs, beginning with the P-12. 

[Lippisch 's P-12 Design Work on this aircraft was interrupted in May 1944, and Lippisch produced the design for the cleaner lines of the PI 3b].

The large air intakes for the ramjets and the disc-shaped combustion chamber are clearly evident. Wind tunnel trials soon showed the advantages of the pure delta shape for supersonic flight, however, and Lippisch produced his final design for the  P.I3b.

It iis described in a U.S. Iintelligence summary for April, 1945:

"Delta" Aircraft design is shown in this plan of the glider type, from prisoner's description, and clearly illustrates the radical triangular shape of these aircraft 

The following components are annotated :

• Cables to control surfaces
• Cabin  
• Forward landing wheel 
• Fuselage 
• Spar to which wings are bolted 
•  Wing
• Main landing wheels  
• Trimming rudder
• Elevator 
• Aileron 
• Landing flaps
• Rudder

The remarkable thing about the P.I3b development is that the final version went through comprehensive trials in 1945. The design in fact, was completed by 7 January 1945. But did this fantastic supersonic fighter ever progress beyond the planning and wind-tunnel test stages?

Enter Project Lusty once again.

The documentation lists the various actual aircraft that were brought to the Wright Airfield in the United States for "extended study and development".

As the documents state, "at least one, in some cases as many as ten, of the following, which represent only a fraction of the types [of aircraft], were located, some only after extensive searching throughout Germany".

The report then lists the types of aircraft, not just documents, that were seized:

The Messerschmitt aircraft series 1101. 1106, 1110, 1111 and 1112, a series particularly interesting in that it illustrates a phase of co-ordinated aircraft design into which American aircraft are only now entering;

seven rocket-propelled piloted aircraft specifically designed for anti-bomber interception work; a jet-propelled helicopter; Flettner- 282 helicopter;

Horton-9, a flying wing;

 Ju-188, a radar equipped twin-engine night fighter:

seven Me- 163s, rocket-propelled interceptor fighters;

flying bombs, type V-l single and dual piloted;

Ju-290, four-engine long range transport;

 He- 162, single place fighter powered by jet engines;

Lippisch P-13 Jager [sic], a toilless twin rocket-propelled wing for supersonic speeds". 

The report clearly indicates that an actual aircraft, and not just a model, was brought to the United States, though it clearly has misidentified the fighter's rocket engines as the main propulsion unit.

They were necessary only to reach sufficient speed to start the ramjets.

But the truly sensational bit of information concerning the P.I3b that emerges from the documents occurs where the top recorded speed for the P. 13b is stated as Witkowski did,  "about 2,100 km/h" or approximately 1,200 miles per hour.

UFO researches will recognize that figure, because it appears often in newspaper accounts of UFO performance characteristics from the post-war period on into the 1950s.

In any case, Polish military files indicate that the craft was prepared for, and successfully undertook, comprehensive trials ca. January- February 1945, and that indeed, the sound barrier had been broken by the Germans during that time, though no mention is made of the test pilot’s name.

The fact of the P. 13b's incredible speed and the uniqueness and simplicity of its combustion chamber, would have meant nothing less than an aerial warfare revolution had the war lasted a little longer and the aircraft had seen production.

The reason is quite simple: it was cheap, impervious to Allied radar, and utterly beyond the performance capabilities of the proto-type British and American jet fighters only just beginning to be tested. Indeed, the performance characteristics of the P.I3b would only be matched by the “X planes" of the early American space program some years later.

As for Lippisch himself, he became something of a celebrity at Wright Airfield in Dayton, Ohio, since he was recognized as the leading authority on supersonic flight.

Lippisch conducted seminars and lectures for his new American bosses. More importantly, Lippisch had also completed designs for an orbiting space station capable of dropping nuclear bombs on any target on earth. 

It seems worth mentioning that some sources indicate that Chuck Yeager was the first American to break the sound barrier, suggesting that someone, somewhere, knew something that the general public did not. 

Death on the Ground: Weapons of Mass Destruction in Use by the German Army on the Eastern Front in 1941

BBeyond these deadly aerial and submarine developments of the late war, there were already indicators that something had long been afoot on the ground as well, as persistent rumors came from the Eastern Front that the German Army, on more than one occasion, had used some weapon of enormous destructive power on Russian military targets.

This was most likely some early version of a fuel-air bomb, a device that the Germans had brought, by the end of the war, to enormous capability.

The sources for these strange allegations were none other than a secret Japanese communique from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden, to an equally secret communication from the Soviets to the Nazis that if they did not “cease and desist” the Russians would resort to the use of poison gas.

Further corroboration of this is found in none other than celebrated SS commando Otto Skorzeny’s memoirs.

However, he recounts that their first use occurred not in the siege of Sevastopol in the Crimea in 1942, nor indeed with the prologue to the Battle of Kursk in 1943, but in the fierce Battle for Moscow during late November and early December of 1941

"On 30 November, without a single shot, the 62nd reconnaissance regiment belonging to Erich Höpner’s Armoured Corps moves in here.

"It is not known why this opportunity was not exploited. Our motorcyclists retreated.

"Here begins the next mysterious episode in the battle for Moscow, which has escaped the attention of many historians.

"In order to oppose the horrifying rockets of 'Stalin’s organs' we applied a new type of rocket missile filled with liquid air.



"These were similar to enormous bombs and as far as my competence allows me to estimate - their effectiveness had no equal.

"Their use immediately had an impact on the enemy’s defensive forces. The enemy used huge loudspeakers for propaganda purposes...

"By means of them several days after first using our missiles the Russians threatened to respond with gas attacks if we continued to use rockets filled with liquid air.

"From that moment, at least in our sector, they were never used again. I don’t think they were used on other stretches of the front as well".

Witkowski confirms the assertion first broached by Renato Vesco that the research for these weapons of mass destruction - a large fuel air bomb has the same destructive effect as a small atom bomb - was undertaken by Prof. Dr. Mario Zippermayr under the apt code name Hexenkessel or “Witches’ Cauldron".

Mario Zippermayr worked on the "Hexenkessel" [Witch's Cauldron] project, which aimed to develop a highly effective detonation charge for use in a warhead of a surface-to-air missile. Coal dust was launched in a grenade, and dispersed by an explosive charge.

The subsequent very large explosion was to achieve a high effectiveness. In 1943 the first test with a 60 kilogram thermobaric bomb was carried out.

There were more tests on the military training area Döberitz in Berlin and at Lake Starnberg. The best results were obtained with 60% oxygen and 40% liquid coal dust.

In a document called "BIOS Report 142- Information obtained in Sonthofen area" is described a extremly strong "Liquid Air Bomb" that contained coal dust, liquid oxygen and "waxy substance. A 150 kg version of this explosive destroyed everything within 4.5 km radius and it was still felt on a radius 12.8 km. 

This information were obtained from a German scientist -  Josef Ernst. In the document is also written that "Ernst is not reliable and though may be in some cases a factual for some of his claims, they are as a whole inaccurate and of doubtful value.

In the course of interrogation it became clear, that Skorzeny also indicates the method of delivery was apparently through rocket artillery systems.

In point of fact, SS Panzer and Ppanzer grenadier divisions often had a complement of so-called Nebelwerfer artillery units. These units were six-barreled rocket artillery pieces, ranging in caliber from 150mm [about six inches]l to 280 mm [about eleven inches].

The six barrels of a typical Nebelwerfer were arranged in a hexagonal pattern on an otherwise conventional split-trail artillery carriage. The 280mm Nebelwerfer units would have been the ideal delivery system for fuel air bombs.

One can only guess what the effect of a battery of these weapons firing fuel air bombs on rockets, with their sirens screaming down on their targets, all synchronized to detonate simultaneously, would have had on a Russian unit. The phrase “carpet bombing*’ together with “tactical nukes” might, however, come close.

But in any case, it is clear why the Russians resorted to the threat of poison gas. 

And perhaps it is also clear why only recently the Russian government has revealed that its casualties during the war were far higher than anyone had previously imagined.

Operationally competent as the German Army was during World War Two, the fantastic “kill ratios” it achieved on the Eastern Front could only have been due to the assistance of unconventional weaponry, and weaponry of mass destruction at that.

Beyond the Nuclear and Thermonuclear Bombs: Indications of a New Physics Project

Lusty also corroborates another sensational allegation, namely, that the Nazis were engaged in research on various types of “death rays” or "anti-aircraft rays". 

Rresearch was also conducted into exotic “Tesla” technology at the University of Heidelberg, where an underground Bunker was discovered that housed a large artificial quartz parabolic dish which was used to fire high voltage pulses at targets some meters away to disintegrate them.

In this light it is perhaps worth mentioning that the giant German electronics firm, Siemens A.G., took out one of the first patents for an X-Ray laser in the U.S.A. in 1955, roughly half a decade before the first masers and lasers were “discovered”.

Did the Siemens patent in fact reflect work already undertaken by the Third Reich?

While this cannot be determined with certainty, it is perhaps significant that the Siemens firm seldom reveals the exact nature and extent of its research undertaken during the Nazi era. And it is perhaps also significant that Siemens might be trying to protect a patent or device previously filed during the Nazi era and subsequently confiscated as booty by taking out a patent for an X- Ray laser in the United States.

Taken together, all these secret weapons projects -and they are only the tip of a very large, very deadly iceberg- indicate that Nazi Germany was aiming for supremacy on the ground, sea, and air.

But it would be misleading to assume that this was the limit of their ambitions.

The Rockets

ans Kammler’s “evacuation of Peenemünde order" of 31 January 1945. appears to be a clever ploy by the security-obsessed SS general, designed to throw Allied and Soviet intelligence off the trail of whatever was still going on there. Since most of the V-l and V-2 teams were long gone from Peenemünde to their new underground facilities, something else must have been going on that merited such heavy protection.

But what was it?

Fortunately, there do exist reports that during the period from March to April [and perhaps as late as May]1945 that there were at least four tests of a large rocket named “Thor’s Hammer” or the Amerikarakete. These reports moreover name both Peenemüinde and Ohrdruf -site of the second alleged German A-bomb test on 4 March 1945- as the possible sites of these tests.

It is unlikely that Ohrdruf functioned as a test site for such a large rocket, since there was present there none of the necessary facilities to assemble and launch such a vehicle. So one is left with Peenemünde, the most likely place.

Geoffrey Brooks corroborates the test launch of some longer-ranged version of the V-2 from the Ohrdruf region in the Harz: The A-9 "winged V-2" project was resurrected in 1944/45. German testimonies allege that at least one successful test launch was made from the Harz in March 1945 and in mass production this rocket could have hit London from central Germany.

In any case, three of these tests were allegedly shots of the Amerikarakete into the Atlantic, and a fourth test was allegedly to see if orbit could be achieved. 

But there is even further corroboration of mysterious goings-on at Peenemünde at the war’s end. 

The “Urals Incident"

Oddly, while Peenemüinde was visited only lightly by the British RAF after its massive 1943 air raid, it was visited often, and heavily, by the Soviet Red Air Force right up to the war’s end, suggesting that, if the British had fallen for Kammler’s ruse, the Soviets had not.

It is an indication that they knew something that the Allies did not. Late-war German long-range rocket activity is corroborated, in fact, by the Russians themselves.

In the Spanish language edition of the Soviet Russian science magazine "Sputnik" there is a report of the destruction in 1945 -during the war- of a Russian munitions factory in the Ural Mountains near the river Tobol. Notably, the article ascribed the destruction to a “terror attack” of “fascist perfidy” much like “the later attacks of American B-52 bombers against the port city of Haiphong in Vietnam".

If the Russian report is accurate and not merely a typical Communist exercise in disinformation or blame-shifting for their own bureaucratic incompetence, then this most probably was a rocket attack, since by that late date in the war the Luftwaffe had little left by way of long range heavy bombers able to make the trip, a trip that in any case had little prospect of success given the Red Air Force’s mastery of the skies over eastern Europe.

Only a rocket attack could guarantee success for such an operation.

  Most of the Luftwaffe’s bombers capable of making the trip were being husbanded in Norway for an eminent operation against New York City. 

Given all the foregoing, it is reasonable to conclude that the Nazis may actually have been successful in testing the first strategic ballistic missiles toward the end of the war, while falling just short of getting them into production. .

Or is that too, yet another dangerous myth?

If the Nazis had indeed tested such long-range rockets, much less successfully fired one on Soviet Russia, then this implies that yet another phase of the Amerikarakete went beyond merely being a “paper study.

 The Nazis could have tested all the long range rockets they wished, but they would have been utterly useless without a means to guide them to target.

Thus, the existence of a credible long range and secure guidance system is also corroborative evidence that the Amerikarakete was not just a paper project. The question is, did the Nazis have such means of guidance?

The answer is yes, and they did not just exist on paper.

Over-the-Horizon Radars and the Amerikarakete

Successful German tests of long range rockets, much less an actual German rocket attack on Russian sites in the Urals, implies the existence of associated technologies and methods to guide such missiles accurately to their targets. Indeed, from the scientific and engineering point of view in the early 1940s, accurate guidance of such rockets was the principal problem that the Germans faced, not the actual rocket itself. A number of methods were therefore proposed to make the Amerikarakete accurate.

Given that the Amerikarakete was intended to carry “small atom bombs’ and "other weapons of mass destruction", and since the inertial guidance system of the V-2 would have been inadequate and inaccurate for attacking targets on the American east coast, the Nazis had to consider a variety of alternative modes for guidance.

In other words, if the Amerikarakete was not a paper project, then one should expect the Germans to be working in each of the following areas:

• technological and secure means of guiding a rocket to targets at long range; or, failing that, 
• alternative methods of guiding a rocket accurately to a target at long range; and
• technologies of miniaturizing enough rocket and/or A- bomb [or H-bomb or fuel-air bomb] components to enable a long range rocket to be able to carry such heavy payloads

Viewed in this way, the Amerikarakete was anything but a paper project, since the Nazis considered any number of methods, from “back-pack” piloted rockets, to enable a pilot to guide the rocket to target visually before bailing out at the last minute, to actually planting a radio transponder inside the Empire State Building for a rocket to home in on, to much more sophisticated and ultimately much more secure technological means of guidance based on beam riding and radar interference. 

It is this last category that is of most interest,  for it is this last area of development that points very clearly to Nazi interest in, and development of, areas of physics ultimately very different than those pursued by their Allied counterparts.

The German Proto-Transistor And Television Minaturization

Before examining Gentian accomplishments in the technology of long-range rocket guidance, it is necessary to examine their success in the equally important area of miniaturization of components. Such a step was absolutely necessary if the Third Reich was ever to be successful in wedding its atom bomb -a notoriously heavy device in those days- to a rocket. 

Indeed, any and every method appears to have been pursued by Kammler’s SS Sonderkommando , including techniques of boosting nuclear fission of atomic nuclei to lower the weight of the critical mass of a nuclear warhead.

But there were other successes in miniaturization.

It is well known that Nazi Germany, during the 1936 Berlin Olympics, successfully created the first live television broadcast of a sports event for a general public.

Large and cumbersome television cameras -then "state of the art"- that were stationed at crucial locations around the Olympic stadium at Tempelhof Field in Berlin.

Television sets were placed at various locations in the Olympic village and the environs of Greater Berlin to allow the visiting athletes, tourists and German citizens to watch the games as they occurred.

Needless to say, for Dr. Josef Göbbels’ Propaganda Ministry it was a propaganda coup of the first order, and a clear demonstration to the world of German technological prowess.

During the war, however, television quickly suggested itself to the Germans as a means of visually guiding a short-range missile to target by placing a television camera in the nose of a missile.

Transmitting a picture back to an operator on the ground or in an airplane, the rocket could then be unerringly guided to target. And by war’s end, they had successfully tested the first such “smart bomb”.

Obviously, placing a television camera of the size of those used in the 1936 Olympic Games inside a missile was impractical, and so the camera had to be considerably miniaturized.

By the war’s end, the Germans had been hugely successful in this task, accomplishing an almost tenfold reduction in size. 

Moreover, this miniaturization implies something enormously important, for such a tremendous reduction in size implies some sort of breakthrough in vacuum tube technology, if not in semi-conductor research itself.

The Germans came exceedingly close, very early in the war, by virtue of competent research in semi-conductors, to achieving the transistor.

A little "proto- transistor", dating from 1940, was used in 1941 in small radios that actually entered production for the German military, radios that were as small as the later transistor radios of the 1950s and that also functioned with batteries.

The Problem of the Miniature German Klystron Tube: Roswell, The E. T. Myth and the Nazi Legend Revisited

Lt. Col. Philip J. Corso [US Army, Ret.] was perhaps something of a Godsend to UFO enthusiasts, for he corroborated -at least on the surface- the whole Roswell UFO-and-ET-crash and recovery scenario in his well-known book, "The Day After Roswell".

Corso’s thesis is familiar to most people who have investigated the UFO literature.

In his post as a top national security military officer, Corso maintains in his book that he was entrusted with some of the “recovered technology” from the “alien craft” that crashed at Roswell. His assignment was gradually to “seed” those aspects of “recovered ET technology” into American industry.

Corso further maintains that among some of this "recovered and gradually seeded” technology were lasers, computers, fiber optics, and transistors.

Of course, after the book’s appearance and Corso’s own appearance on a popular overnight radio talk show, critical and historical analysis was all but suspended, and there was a further boost to the “ET” interpretation of the Roswell incident, all as a result of his book.

Crucial to Corso's case was the transistor, and he spends a great deal of time in his book demonstrating that his thesis of its “ET-Roswell” origin has to be true by pointing out that the history of the discovery of the transistor by Bell Laboratories is obscure at best. 

The reason? Very simple. The transistor had no prior “discovery history” because it was “ET” in origin.

But given what has now been demonstrated, we propose that, vacillating between technologies clearly exotic though terrestrial and an “ET” cover story - there is another possible explanation for the origin of the transistor, one which,  it would appear that the highest authorities, including the military, wish to keep covered up.

That other possible source for the transistor, one that would much more satisfactorily explain its obscure discovery history than the ET hypothesis, is wartime Nazi research and accomplishment in semi-conductor research.

Simply put, Corso's work is, in this respect at least, pure obfuscation and disinformation, since one can only assume that a man of Corso’s obvious intelligence could not have been unaware of German wartime scientific achievements, as plausibly demonstrated by the above miniature tube, fully seven years before the Roswell incident and its recovery of “advanced ET technology.

But there are other aspects of Corso’s work that must also be called into question vis-a-vis the state of Nazi secret weapons research.

It is well knowm that the Germans undertook and developed a wide range of infrared sites to enhance the night- fighting ability of their tanks and infantry.

What is not generally known is the apparently high state of development of second and third generation technologies these infrared sites may have represented, for Igor Witkowski uncovered a certain amount of evidence in a recently declassified Alsos report that indicates preliminary work was undertaken in liquid crystals.  

The Peenemnüde Problem and something the Germans called “Optical Telephony" 

This is an extremely intriguing discovery, because fiber optics is yet another technology that Col. Corso maintained was recovered from “ET” at Roswell and “gradually seeded” into American industry.

Over the Horizon Radars

One little known aspect of German wartime research is the area of over-the-horizon radars. While the Nazis were pursuing a number of options for the guidance of their inter-continental Amerikarakete, including a piloted version from which the pilot would eject at the last moment, the most preferred method was “beam riding,” a method that would allow the rocket to be guided to target by a beam.

One project consisted of placing a secret radio transmitter inside the Empire State building for the purpose.

But by far the most serious and promising -and technologically involved- methods were the various Over-the- Horizon Radars that the Germans were developing for the purpose, the sets Elefant, See-Elefant, and the mobile Freya unit.

The Elefant set was developed by the Research Department of the Deutsche Reischspost, and was the world’s first genuine over-the- horizon radar based on temperature inversions in the ionosphere. 

The See-Elefant was a further development of this equipment, and was built in western Denmark and consisted of a sending antenna, approximately 100 meters high, placed between two permanent receiving antennae some distance to either side. It was a broadband antenna system, operating in the 23-29 MHz, 24-30MHz, and 30- 38 MHz range. 

But the most advanced of these early over-the-horizon radars was the Freya unit, a “revolutionary system” that was “fully mobile".

The basic idea is evident from an artist’s sketch dated 30 March 1945, of the Freya unit emplaced and ready to transmit. The diagram labels each of these antennae the Sende unci Empfangs-Antennae , the Sende Antennae.

Thus, the Freya unit represents a considerably newer and different principle than the Elefant or See-Elefant, with their single sending and two receiving antennae. The central sending and receiving antenna sends out a pulse, which is also sent as secondary pulses slightly later by the antennae to either side. This is a true phased array radar, able to shape and bend its signals around the curvature of the earth, or  “ver the horizon”.  

Consequently, the Germans, in spite of some technical shortcomings of their radar operations during the war, were experimenting in areas that were quite advanced for the day:

(a) Broadband radar systems based on (b) Phased array “signal shaping” for (c) Over-the-horizon, or “action at a distance” operation.

Tthey were combining all these ideas with that of sending pulses of bursts of energy. All of this was, of course, for the long-range guidance of their projected inter-continental rockets.

In any case, the accuracy of these types of systems had been brought to a high state by the Germans by October of 1943. By that time, the accuracy was such that it was able to guide aircraft at a distance of 105 kilometers, during a bombing run, to release their bombs within 600 meters of their target, even though it was not visible to them.

However, the Germans may have discovered something while operating these sophisticated radar units that indicated they were a door beckoning to a whole new type of physics, one with a far greater promise than mere long-range rockets carrying atomic bombs.

The real questio remains: why would the military- industrial-national security complex be so concerned to deflect attention away from Nazi scientific achievements -an effort represented by Colonel Corso’s "The Day After Roswell"- even at this late date, unless there is something it still wishes to hide?

The answer is twofold. The most important part of the answer lies in what the Germans may have discovered with these radar sets, and the  less important reason, the survival of Nazi research projects and their “creative financing" in the post-war world.

It is due to the research efforts of Polish military journalist Igor Witkowski. and British author Nick Cook's "The Hunt for Zero Point", that anything at all is known of the Bell.

And until the publication of Witkowski’s "The Truth About the Wunderwaffe", Nick Cook’s book was the only book in the English language that contained any information at all on the Bell, summarizing Witkowski's years of investigation.

With the publication of Witkowski’s research in English, however, one is in a position to see why the Bell was given the Third Reich’s highest classification.

To appreciate this object’s true significance, however, it is necessary to understand what it was...what it did....what the physics behind it may have been, and, thereby, what the Germans were possibly hoping to achieve with it.

The Significance of the Story of the Bell

As is well known to UFOlogists, the “Nazi Legend” of UFO origins has been around since the end of the Second World War and the publication afterward of Major Rudolf Lusar’s book on German secret weapons, where the first brief mention is made of the subject, accompanied by the first “schematic” of an alleged "suction-type" German saucer.

As many have pointed out, the story rests on few sources, which, when traced back, seem to lead nowhere, except to those sources' own questionable connections, associations, and agendas.

With Witkowski’s research on the Bell, however, one has something entirely different.

The story is significantly different from the stories surrounding the “Nazi Legend” and its familiar names of Habermohl, Miethe, Schriever, Epp, Schauberger and so on.

Igor Witkowski wrote that he first discovered the existence of Die Glocke by reading transcripts from an interrogation of former Nazi SS Officer Jakob Sporrenberg.

According to Witkowski, he was shown the allegedly classified transcripts in August 1997 by an unnamed Polish Intelligence contact who said had access to Polish government documents regarding Nazi secret weapons. Witkowski maintains that he was only allowed to transcribe the documents and was not allowed to make any copies.

Whether Witkowski actually saw such a transcript, or just made it up, is unknown. He offered no evidence of its existence and nobody else, inside or outside of Poland, has ever reported seeing such a thing. But what is known is that the SS officer Sporrenberg can't corroborate Witkowski's claim. Sporrenberg was executed as a war criminal in 1952.

He'd been a field officer fighting partisans, and had never had any connection with science or aviation branches of the Nazi military.

Although no evidence of the veracity of Witkowski's statements have been produced, they reached a wider audience when they were retold by British author Nick Cook, who added his own views to Witkowski's statements in his book "The Hunt for Zero Point".

With the Bell story, one has clear descriptions of its design, mode of operation, and effects, as well as clear indications of known personnel involved with the project and clear corroborative evidence in the form of installations and residual physical signatures.

Until November 1944 the so called Nazi Bell was in a laboratory under an airfield in the outskirts of Breslau.

It was first shifted from Breslau to Fürstenstein castle to avoid the Soviet advances

On 18 December 1944 it was shifted to Wenceslas mine near Ludwigsburg [Ludwikowice]. and evacuated from the mine about 17 April 1945.

To put it succinctly, the story of the Bell is the actual probable basis of the Nazi UFO legend.

An Obvious Question and a Not So Obvious Answer

For Witkowski, the investigation all began in August of 1997, when he was asked a very obvious question, a question that in fact hovers over every author who has ever investigated the mystery of wartime Nazi secret weapons research:

Just exactly what was the 142 The SS Brotherhood of the Bell so-called “Wonder Weapon”, or Wunderwaffe?

For Witkowski, the journey began when a Polish Intelligence officer, who had access to Polish government documents regarding Nazi secret weapons, first made him aware of the Bell.

"Among other things he asked me if I had ever come into contact with a device developed by the Germans, which was code-named 'the Bell', and made a sketch of it.

" On a circular base was some kind of bell jar, cylindrical in shape with a semi-circular cap and hook, or some other clamping device at the top.

"The Bell jar was supposed to be made of a ceramic material, resembling a high voltage insulator. Two metal cylinders or drums were located inside". 

'Nothing about the description of the object aroused any interest in Witkowski, but he could not let the subject drop, since the individual who had approached him impressed him with his knowledge.

“This was no amateur living in a dream world. Of that 1 was sure".

But what had really piqued Witkowski's interest were the individual’s descriptions of the Bell’s “quite simply unearthly effects” when it was in operation, effects that conjured in Witkowski’s mind the final scene from Steven Spielberg's "Raiders of the Lost Ark", effects that were "absolutely shocking".

This description, plus the man’s evident sincerity and expertise, made the question he asked Witkowski even more significant:

"[He] asked me the outright disarming yet seemingly trivial question: if i was able to state with full responsibility that the “Wunderwaffe” t was the V-l or V-2, as was often mentioned.

If in any German documents or in any original sources in general, I had come across information unraveling what the "Wunderwaffe" was

"He stated that after all it could not have referred to the V-l or V-2, since firstly these weapons had been from a military point of view not very effective [and therefore not "wonder"] and secondly that the term " Wunderwaffe ” had begun to appear in earnest after the "V'” Weapons had already been deployed in combat.

This was indeed intriguing.

"Later from the point of view of this, I looked over various volumes from my library and in actual fact it appeared that some kind of unusual weapon had existed, practically unknown till this day".

In other words, Witkowski had come across one component of the Allied Legend - that the Wunderwaffe referred to the V-l , V-2 and various other rocket projects of Nazi Germany- and to nothing more.

But the historical record suggested otherwise, as Witkowski notes; the term Wunderwaffe clearly began to be applied by the Nazis to something that was not any kind of rocket, even if that something was only a figment of Dr. Göbbels’ Propaganda Ministry.

But the uniqueness of the Bell and the revelations of the Iintelligence man continued to preoccupy Witkowski:

"My aforementioned informer strongly emphasized that what was involved was a uniquely classified project, the most secret research project ever realized in the Third Reich.

"Therefore it is surely clear that regardless of the scale of difficulty it was worth verifying such a statement".

Beyond atom bombs, hydrogen bombs, fuel air bombs, advanced rockets, stealth materials, guided missiles, sound cannon, wind and vortex cannon, electro-magnetic railguns, laser beams, nuclear powered aircraft, and all the other exotic weapons technology the Nazis were developing, there was one project so important in its scope and terrible promise that it merited its own unique classification, and that project was the Bell.

Witkowski began to research the story, and uncovered what is perhaps the most important story to come out of World War Two.

The Personnel and a New SS Player on the Scene: the Forschungen, Entwicklungen, Patente

When Witkowski was able to assemble at least a partial list of scientists and military personnel involved with the project, a very odd picture emerged.

Witkowski was quickly led to the SS; one of its departments that was responsible for vetting patents in the Third Reich, and classifying those that seemed to possess potential for further development.:

The whole project was co-ordinated by a special cell co-operating with the SS armament office, subordinate to the WafTen-SS.

This cell was designated “FEP". which was an abbreviation of the words “Forschungen. Entwicklungen, Patente" - research, development, patents.

The chief of this “FEP" cell was a certain Admiral Wilhelm Rhein, while the described project was co-ordinated by a quite mysterious individual namely SS-Obergruppenführer, Emil Mazuw.

Why mysterious?

Simply because despite possessing one of the highest general's ranks in the SS. practically nothing is known about him. 

Mazuw had been at the very top of the SS elite. He was promoted to the rank of SS Obergruppenführer on 20 April 1942, in other words he had possessed the highest possible SS rank at that time [in 1944 the SS Oberstgruppentührer rank was further established, four people being promoted to it].

He was awarded the Honorary Saber of Reichsführer SS [Ehrendegen des RFSS] and honorary SS ring with skull and cross-bones [SS Totenkopfring].

Such a ring was given by Himmler for special service to the organization. Their bearers constituted the highest caste of SS-men, given admittance to the greatest secrets. Each ring was personally dedicated by Himmler. ...Mazuw already had it in 1936.

He was therefore one of the powers behind the throne of the Third Reich, but is almost unknown to this day.

The most important research project on anti-gravity, was controlled and co-ordinated by a top-secret cell within the so-called SS Main Bureau.

The full name was SS-Führungshauptamt, Amtsgruppe "A" T. Amt VIII – FEP.

Even today, after more than 60 years, very few people know that such an institution ever existed. 

In addition, the man who commanded "Amt VIII" is virtually unknown - SS-Gruppenführer Otto Schwab, as well as other leading figures.

Apparently unknown to Albert Speer the SS had already begun to set up its own technical office [T-Amt] for some time.

This office was subordinate to the SS-Führungshauptamt. It was as was customary at the Heeres- und Marinewaffenamt {Army and Naval Weapons Office}an FEP department and was to promote the research and development of new weapon systems.   

The management of the T-office was transferred to Otto Schwab, a Physicist  considered a competent scientist and a loyal National Socialist. Himmler promoted him in 1942 to the Generalmajor of the Waffen-SS. 

The main research facility of the T-Office was located in the village of Glau, near Trebbin. One of its departments dealt with nuclear physics issues. 

How long it had existed, who wrked there and what level the research achieved, can not be reconstructed due to lack of documentation. 

The few remaining files only show that Schwab's group had some Uranium and also researched heavy water. The T-Amt even tried, but in vain, to obtain larger quantities of heavy water from the Uranverein. 

The T-office of the SS maintained relations with Erich Schumann and Wilhelm Ohnesorge.

Through these channels Schwab gained knowledge of important aspects of nuclear hysics. research.

-Rainer Karlsch, "Hitler's Bomb"

Of the most important people who were to save the Third Reich from defeat, there is hardly a hint in the Internet.

They were all high-ranking generals, including SS-Obergruppenführer Emil Mazuw und SS-Brigadenführer Heinrich Gärtner.

It is unlikely anything can be found out about them - simply for the reason that none of the original documents survived the war, at least not in Germany. 

Nothing could better demonstrate the ability of the SS to keep details of specific projects secret, especially of their most important project.

-  Igor Witkowski

What is interesting is that the Bell project appears to be under the "F.E.P." which in turn is under an Admiral, implying a Kriegsmarine connection with whatever exotic technology and physics the Bell represented.

A second unusual feature of Witkowski’s revelations is that the Bell project itself was not directly co-ordinated by Kammler, but by the enigmatic Emil Mazuw, though, as Nick Cook and Witkowski both indicate, Kammler’s connection with the project was direct, since he seems to have been involved in Bormann’s secret "Evacuation Ccommand" structure that was apparently used to fly the Bell, scientific papers, and perhaps Kammler himself, out of Europe at the war's end.

Witkowski, in answer to a personal correspondence from me, explained the odd relationship of the F.E.P. to the Kammlerstab and other agencies in the following way: 

"As far as 1 know, Mazuw was not tied in with the Ahnenerbe. 

"The situation was such that apart from Kammler’s office [Rüstungsstab] - which, what has to be emphasized, wasn’t directly responsible for the R&D activities as such but for armaments projects in general, there were "specialized” R&D authorities within the SS. 

"The best proof that they were really important is that it would be virtually impossible to find anything in the literature about it ... 

"It was: the 'R&D group' at the armament office of the Waffen-SS, headed by SS-Brigadeführer Heinrich Gärtner and the second was the FEP/Waffen-SS cell, headed by Mazuw. ..it was theoretically responsible for the protection of inventions in the period when the normal patent law was effectively suspended".

Tthis conflicts with the story of the Kammlerstab first broken by British journalist Tom Agoston, relying on the confidential statements of former German weapons expert Dr. Wilhelm Voss, clearly implied that it was Kammler himself, plus his "think tank" staff inside of the engineering division at the Skoda Works in Pilsen, Czechoslovakia, that headed research and development.

But this may only be an apparent contradiction.

At the rarefied levels of SS Obergruppenführers, contact between Mazuw and Kammler -both involved in sensitive black projects- would have been inevitable. And we know for certain that Kammler himself was in charge of Bormann’s special evacuation command at the end of the war, the command which it appears successfully evacuated the Bell from Lower Silesia via a Junkers 390.

But what of Witkowski’s statement that he knew of no direct or known association of Mazuw with the SS Ahnenerbedienst?

The answer, as in Kammler’s case, must be speculative.

However, given that, at its highest level, Himmler intended for his SS to be a kind of "black knights of the round table", and given that his chosen twelve "black knights" with access to the “SS Occult Center” at the castle of Wewelsburg had to be of at least Gruppenführers in rank, then again, it would seem unlikely that Mazuw did not know of the SS’ occult activities and interests.

That a four star SS general, about whom almost nothing is known, is not only involved with the Bell project, but actually the overall director of it, raises as many questions as it answers.

Did he, like Kammler, disappear into the bowels of some Allied country’s post-war classified projects or perhaps -an equal possibility- simply disappear, to continue the project independently?

After the war, Emil Mazuw was held captive. In 1948 he was prosecuted relating to denazification proceedings, and was sentenced to eight years in prison. On the basis of severely abusing political prisoners and Jews in 1933, he received another ​8 1⁄2-year prison sentence in 1951.

He later found employment in Germany after his sentence, and died December 1987 in Karlsruhe.

And the presence of a Navy Admiral in the parent organization, the F.E.P. raises a further question: Why the indirect connection to the German navy? Does this relationship perhaps indicate something about the nature of the Bell itself?

The main effort of the Germans to develop a nuclear weapon took place in the Arnstadt-Wechmar-Ohrdruf [AWO] triangle in Thuringia.

Kurt Diebner and Walther Gerlach, the scientific leaders of the research team attempting desperately to develop a nuclear weapon in the last days of the war, were housed in the basement of the high school near Arnstadt in the Jonastal valley. 

SS General Hans Kammler, himself a doctor of engineering, headed the protective forces surrounding the experimental area.

Extensive underground galleries to house various facilities were excavated in Jonastal; the army training grounds in Ohrdruf was used as the bomb test range; and a reactor, better designed than Heisenberg’s in Haigerloch, was situated in the town of Gottow.

Also involved in this project, was the research office of the Reichspost under Wilhelm Ohnesorge as well as offices of the Skoda Works in Prague. 

The Siemens electrical enterprises were involved in critical stages of the project. Laborers were drawn from various concentration camps in the area. 

Also, German naval authorities, including Admirals Karl Witzell and Wilhelm Rhein as well as physicists Otto Haxel, Fritz Houtermans, and Pascual Jordan, took an active part in researching the potential of nuclear power.

The Navy’s main interest was, of course, in the development of the “Uranium machine” as the basis for propulsion systems for surface ships and submarines.

- Rainer Karlsch, "Hitler's Bomb"

Karl Witzell was appointed to Chief of the Marinewaffenhauptamt [Navy Weapons Main Office] in OKM [Oberkommando der Marine] on 7 November 1939.

He retired from service on 31 August 1942, and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the War Merit Cross with Swords on 5 October 1942.

In spite of being retired from the Navy, Witzell still landed in Russian captivity in May 1945 and sentenced to 25 years imprisonment for war crimes on 25 June 1950 by a Military Court. 

He was released on 7 October 1955.

Wilhem Rhein was Chief of Staff of the Naval Weapons Head Office OKM from 20 October 1940 - 31 August 1942, and Chief of the Office Group for Research, Invention, and Patents from 1 Sepember 1942- 8 May 1945.  

Prof Dr Walther Gerlach

Unlike Emil Mazuw, Prof. Dr. Walther Gerlach was and is quite famous, and for any number of reasons.

As Nick Cook noted in his "Hunt for Zero Point", Gerlach was a Nobel laureate for his work in spin polarization. A first class physicist, Gerlach went on to specialize in gravitational physics, on the basis of his pioneering experiment  that earned him the Nobel prize.

But as any researcher of the German atom bomb project knows, Gerlach was also nominally the head of atom bomb research in Nazi Germany by war’s end, and was one of the scientists interred by the British at Farm Hall in England, where the scientists’ conversations were secretly recorded.

Gerlach was also expert in two other obscure topics, both of which are closely associated with the Bell: the transmutation of elements, and the “fluorescence of mercury ions in a strong magnetic field, in other words, referring to the behaviour of mercuric plasma".

Gerlach had evidently been involved in the topic for a long time, because as far back as January 1925 he wrote to Arnold Sommerfeld about the spi of the Stem-Gerlach experiment.

This experiment, along with Einstein's experiment on the photo-electric effect which earned him the Nobel prize, and the well-known Michelson-Morley experiment, are perhaps three of the most important experiments in the development of modern physics. 

In such matters, Gerlach was “faultlessly well- informed".

Even more mysteriously, Gerlach, one of the world’s premier gravitational physicists before the war, never returned to the subject after the war.

Nick Cook comments in his well-known book "The Hunt for Zero Point" that Gerlach thus acted as if “something had scared him beyond all reason".

While Cook meant his comment in a speculative sense, there is perhaps some truth to it. If he was genuinely frightened, and if this is the reason for his curious post-war silence about spin polarization and gravitation, then this could be due to two causes.

First, as the lead scientist involved with the Bell project, and as a loyal Nazi, Gerlach would have been privy to the curious and strange results of the Bell's operation and possibly have even personally witnessed some of these effects. These effects would have frightened any rational human.

So, one explanation -the one that seems to be implied by Nick Cook, in fact- is that Gerlach saw or witnessed something in the very project he headed that had frightened him into post-war silence.

But there is a second, and more plausible explanation for Gerlach’s apparent fright-into-silence. Indeed, it is an explanation that would seem to give a factual basis to Cook's speculation that Gerlach was “frightened” into post-war silence on these admittedly esoteric topics.

As Cook himself notes, following Witkowski's research, the SS shot the sixty-some scientists and their assistants who worked on the project, rather than let any of them fall into Allied or Russian hands.

There appear to be only a few scientists, two of them well-known in their way, that survived the SS massacre: one was Kurt Debus, and the other was Walther Gerlach.

This allows something of a reconstruction, speculative though it will have to be.

First, it would appear that the SS. by murdering the project’s scientists with the exception of Debus and Gerlach [and one must assume, possibly others], is intent on preserving the project’s independence by preventing its secrets from falling into any Allied hands.

That this is the most rational conclusion is evident from the fact that if the SS had bargained with the Allies or Soviets to exchange this project in return for their lives, then the process would be self-defeating, if the Soviets or Allies were denied the very technicians that made the project possible.

Such scientists and technicians would have been in the Soviet’s or Allies’ "Intelligence targets acquisitions" list, so to speak.

By its actions, in other words, the SS is clearly signaling that it has no intention of letting the project fall into Soviet hands, and it is equally possible that it has no intention of letting it fall into Allied hands either.

After the assassination attempt against Hitler, Dr. Ing. Hans Kammler was given plenopotentiary powers over all secret weapon developments. 

The Riese Complex was home to two top secret SS research groups, SS-E-IV and SS-U-13. Kammler was ultimately in charge as the Plenipotentiary for Science, strictly speaking the Riese complex was under SS Obergruppenfuhrer Emil Mazuw.

Kammler was, however head of the SS evacuation command, that used some 47 armoured trains to evacuate a stash of documents including Luftwaffe archives from rom tunnels under Fürstenstein Castle [near Walbrzych] to Linz, Austria in the closing months of WW2.  

It is known they were found in various sidings by American forces and shipped to Le Havre by "Operation Lusty". These trains are sometimes cited as having disappeared at the end of WW2.

Another of Kammlers's tasks was the contraversial evacuation of the Nazi Bell device, using the remaining Ju-390 aircraft.

After the war a great deal of information about the Riese complex came from wartime tunnel engineer Anthon Dalmusand Org Todt's Tunnel construction manager Xaver Dorsch.

These tunnels were supplied labour from the Gross Rosen KZ camps scattered southeast of Bad Charlottenbrunn [nowadays called Jedlina Zdro].

125,000 Camp inmates were either Soviet POWs, or Jews from Greece, Poland and Hungary.

A document by architect Siegfried Schmelcher, entitled "Geheime Reichssache 91/44” gives an overview of the complex. 

Monzanite deposits containing Thorium oxides were mined quite close to the tunnel complex at Wüstegiersdorf [now Gluzyca].

The mine was home to plasma physics apparatus according to Prof Baron Manfred von Ardenne. 

At Farm Hall in August 1945 Heisenberg was recorded telling Dr Karl Wirtz that there were three methods for obtaining an atomic bomb. 

1. Separating Uranium 235
2. Uranium machine [reactor] for Plutonium
3. Proactinium

At Harnack Haus in February and again in July 1942 Heisenberg pushed for an effort to develop what he termed a Protoactinium Atomic Bomb 

-  Rose, Paul Lawrence, "Heisenberg and the Nazi atomic bomb project: a study in German culture" 1998]

Protoactinium 233 [aka Proactinium)]is not a naturally occurring element. Why would Heisenberg see this as an obvious path to the Atomic Bomb?

Proactinium has to be created artificially by bombardment of Thorium 232 with X-Ray neutrons. During WW2 the Nazis first developed 5MeV van der Graff generators to create artificial x-ray energies. Then Rolf Wideroe in Hamburg and Walter  Dallenbach in Bisingen developed what Heisenberg termed a super-klystron to generate 15 MeV X-Ray energy.

Why so much effort to create powerful X-Rays?
 
We know that resources were scarce in Germany by 1943-44 when these projects were underway. Edicts were issued limiting production to weapons or systems that gave results in the shortest time frames for the war effort. The Nazi regime was not merely indulging this huge effort to build X-Ray machines for pure science. 

The answer is blindingly obvious. Protoactinium 233 decays over 27 days into pure bomb grade Uranium 233.

120 Danish and Norwegian nuclear scientists were employed at the site

63 are said to have been executed by the SS at the end of the war to keep secret the research conducted there.

Some sources claim that Kammler disregarded the order to execute the scientists, hence he was wanted by the Nazis after 27 April 1945.

The loss of such a huge part of the Scandinavian Physics fraternity would have been investigated , and it would have been one of the major cases in World War 2 history. 

There are no surces on this.

Norway was occupied by Germany, and many Norwegian worked for the Germans, mainly to build defenses [Festung Norwegen], but scientists from Norway beings executed is not possible. It would have been a major case in Norwegian war History. 

Norwegian scientist Rolf Wideroe worked on the Nazi Bell device, though mainly for a plasma physics laboratory in Hamburg.

Later in the war he worked with a plasma physics laboratory at Dresden which was headed by Max Steenbeck for Baron Manfred von Ardenne's organisation.

When Dresden was destroyed in February 1945, Wideroe evacuated the surviving laboratory equipment south to Kreis Ebermannstadt. 

Wideroe worked for NEBB or Norsk Elektrische Brown Boverie along with other electrical engineers and scientists on German projects. It is perhaps possible that scientists is a term being loosely applied to a group comprised of scientists, engineers and technicians working in Germany like Wideroe did as expatriates. 

Many Norwegians flocked to join the SS Viking Division and one never hears much about their identities either. 

The original story about the execution came from Witkowski's hand transcribed notes copied from Jakob Sporrenberg's depositions to Polish authorities while he was being interrogated for war crimes - notably in relation to the Bell execution of 62 or 63 persons, by a SS unit his command, known as the Gorlitz Division, responsible for policing the Gross Rosen work camps around lower Silesia. 

Professor Meiczyslaw Moldovia from Poland Poland who was an inmate of Gross Rosen at the sub camp in Fürstenstein castle.

He was an engineer in the vast complex of tunnels throughout Komplex Riese, and conforms that at Fürstenstein Castle [Ksiaz] was the home of an astronaut training program for pilots of the A9 winged rocket and that he witnessed the use of a simulator at the castle.

One secret project at the complex relates to a new fighter plane called the V-7.

These camps comprised 4 major camps and 12 satellite camps. SS Guards were controlled by SS Obersturmbahnführer Karl Belbo. There were also four Luftwaffe airfields spread amongst the entrances to these tunnels. 

Strangely, even though a V-2 weapon testing facility operated in Blizna, Poland, there are no confirmed reports of V weapons being used against the Russians.

And even though there are kilometers long tunnels in Poland, there are few reports of what they were used for.

There are 4-6 reports about the demise of SS General  Kammler at the end of the war.

The fact that there is so little information available through the National Archives, makes it seems highly unlikely that Kammler just committed suicide, otherwise why the secrecy?

He had plenty of intel to sell the Allies,and since the US Third Army captured the Peenemünde scientists on 3 May 1945, he could have made a deal with them.

The American Navy came into the Top Secret ALSOS Mission and made discoveries still not admitted today.

One document reveals: 

"V-3 and V-4 are about 15 m long and 3 m thick, larger than V-1 and V-2. Propulsion units go into action by groups. After one group has been emptied, it is ejected from the rocket. 

"Steering and ignition are performed by remote control. Hulls for these weapons are said to be built in the Harz mountains and in a factory near Berlin; exact addresses are not available".

The document is dated 1 May 1946. NARA RG 38, Chief of Naval Operations, Intelligence Division. Top Secret Reports of Naval Attaches 1944-1947, Box 9, Subject: Germany - Weapons Research.

So why did Gerlach and Debus escape? They escaped simply because of their sheer notoriety and value to the project.

For the SS to have murdered these men, and dumped them unceremoniously into an unmarked mass grave in Silesia, would have inevitably attracted Allied and Russian interest and questions, after the war. And those questions, in turn, would have inevitably led back to the Bell.

Gerlach and Debus, moreover, represented a level of expertise and involvement beyond the mere day-to-day testing and experimentation involved in the project.

Gerlach, in particular, was the theoretician, capable of formulating the “big picture” of whatever it was the Nazis had discovered with the Bell. Such men would be needed after the war if the project were to be continued and advanced.

Indeed, it may have been Gerlach or someone in his close circle of friends and associates in the physics community, that initiated the Bell project.

So what frightened Gerlach? Very simply: perhaps the SS “allowed” Gerlach and Debus -and any other big name scientist that might have been involved with the project- to witness the executions of their comrades.

Or perhaps the SS communicated their fates to Debus and Gerlach in some other fashion. In either case, the message was clear:

"keep quiet on this subject, and keep co-operating".

If that was the message to the two men, then it certainly worked, for Gerlach never even intimated in the Farm Hall Transcripts of his involvement with any project during the war that involved his specialty: gravitation. And as for Kurt Debus, he apparently never mentioned the more exotic technologies to his new employer after the war,.

In any case, the SS murders of the Bell’s scientists are the best explanation for Nick Cook's observation that Gerlach never touched the subject of spin polarization and gravity after the war, acting as if "something had scared him beyond all reason".

Witkowski does mention that according to his sources, Gerlach did speak a great deal in the Farm Mall Transcripts about magnetic fields, atomic nuclei, the earth’s gravitation, and "extra-terrestrial space".

If this is true then it puts a whole other perspective on the classification of the Farm Hall Transcripts and why they remained classified for so long. Perhaps Gerlach's comments also caused him to be brought to this country after his internment in England, since he was subsequently interrogated in the U.S.A., where his wartime research diaries remain classified to this day.

This would clearly imply that the U.S.A. knew something about these subjects -more than it was willing to share with its British Ally- and brought Gerlach over to flesh out a full picture of the Bell. 

The Mysterious Dr. Elizabeth Adler

Dr Elizabeth Adler, was a mathematician from Königsberg University.

Who was Dr Elizabeth Adler? What was her specialty in mathematics? No one seems to know.

Attempts to find out by contacting the University of Kaliningrad, modern day Konigsberg, ended in a wall of stony silence.

But her presence -even if she is only mentioned in connection with the Bell once- is in itself a significant indicator of something.

Since Gerlach was himself a capable mathematician and theoretical physicist, Adler’s presence must indicate a very rarefied form of mathematical expertise was required at some point.

This in turn means that the Bell represented no ordinary project.

For the SS to have apparently "consulted" a mathematician outside the project must indicate that Elizabeth Adler’s mathematical skills were unique.

Find her area of mathematical expertise, and one will have a significant clue into the nature of the physics that the Germans were investigating with the Bell.

No record of Elizabeth Adler survives the war, however Gerlach's assistant before the war was a talented mathematician Miss Elisabeth Borman who had also worked for Max Born. It is known that their favourite hotel in Stockholm was the Adler Hotel.

Otto Ambros of Auschwitz "Buna" Fame

As if this list of personnel was not already strange enough, Witkowski, in the same context in which he mentions the involvement of Dr. Elizabeth Adler, then recounts how another name, again one well-known and somewhat imfamous, was involved at some stage in the project:

In descriptions of “the Bell's” effect on living organisms on the other hand the notion of "ambrosism" [Ambrosismus] occurred. This was perhaps invented to honour one of the scientists, who admittedly was not a member of the research team, but was in some sense connected with the whole project.

It was Otto Ambros -then chairman of the so-called “S” committee- responsible for chemical warfare preparations in Speer's Armament Ministry.

The plot connected to Ambros did not seem to match the whole picture, because there was never any doubt that chemical weapons were not responsible for the Bell's operation, or any kind of chemical agent. 

This is the same Otto Ambros that was also appointed by I.G. Farben director Karl Krauch to oversee the construction and operation of its huge "Buna" synthetic rubber plant at Auschwitz, a plant that Carter Plymton Hyrick has quite persuasively argued was not a Buna plant at all, but a huge Uranium enrichment facility.

Thus, while Witkowski does not seem to be aware of the Carter Plymton Hydrick's research into the actual state of German A-bomb development, his mention of Ambros in this context is for that very reason all the more significant.

If Ambros was intimately involved with the SS in the enrichment of Uranium, and presumably in the recovery of other exotic isotopes, then he would certainly be involved in the Bell project if any aspect of that project required the use of radio-active isotopes.

This last condition, radio-active isotopes,  is likely one of the significant clues into the nature of the device and what the Germans were hoping to accomplish with it.

The fact that his position at the Farben "Buna" plant also placed him in the orbit of secret SS research and security jurisdiction of the Auschwitz camps is also another connection that would seem to corroborate Witkowski’s revelations that Ambrose was somehow involved with the Bell project.

Dr. Kurt Debus

From the standpoint not only of the various scientific disciplines but also from that of the various post-war relationships and themes explored here, Dr. Kurt Debus is the most interesting big name scientist allegedly involved with the Bell, not the least because he is one of the high profile scientists brought to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip.

Due to this fact. Debus is also perhaps an indicator that if any of the Allied powers became privy to the secrets of the Bell, then it most likely was the United States, since Debus, curiously, became a director of the Kennedy Space Flight center at Cape Canavera.!

Debus’ involvement with the Bell project is made the more curious because of the fact that he was intimately involved with the Peenemünde team of Wernher vonn Braun and, as continued to be deeply involved with post-war rocket projects in his sensitive position in America’s space program.

So what, then, is a rocket scientist doing in a project like the Bell?

According to Witkowski’s meticulous research, Debus was not a rocket scientist at all, but rather, was interested in the extremely avante garde notion [even for today] of magnetic fields separation. 

Moreover, he had apparently designed the power supply for the Bell.

His parent institution was the Institute of High Voltages at Darmstadt Polytechnic [Technische Hochschule]. In 1942 he was transferred to the research Institute of the AEG consortium in Berlin-Reinickendorf. and in addition he also co-operated with the centre in Peenemünde.

He was the author of several publications and patents regarding high voltage measurement technology.

He developed among other things instruments for high pressure measurement and high voltage discharge parameters measurement. At the AEG research Institute he constructed a power supply unit, supplying over 1 million volts current and took part in the equipping of a supersonic wind tunnel.

He also took part in the development of measurement instruments for the V-2 test launch pads.

Needless to say, such interests would not only have made Debus an invaluable contributor to the Nazi rocket program, but more importantly, such experience in the measurement of high voltage discharge parameters would have made him an expert in phenomena of a wholly different nature, a phenomena that one might qualify under the broad label of "Teslian".

But Debus' character as a loyal Nazi, led Witkowski to discover and corroborate one of the crucial pieces of information: That the Bell was considered to hold such potential that it was given its own unique classification among all the Third Reich’s admittedly exotic secret weapons projects.

Debus, according to Witkowski, had informed on one of his co-workers at AEG, one Richard Crämer, to the Gestapo, in 1942. He was was sentenced to two years in prison.

But Crämer was apparently no ordinary German, much less an ordinary engineer: 

The chairman of the AEG Research Institute, Prof Dr. Carl Wilhelm Ransauer, intervened and wrote a letter to the Gestapo about the importance of Crämer's work referring to the nature of their project as "Kriegsentscheident"' [War Decisive].

1. The project is realized under special priority SS1040, which is only granted in special cases
2. Ministerial Director Prof. Dr. E. Schumann, director of the Research Division of the Ground Forces Armament Office has granted this project the highest level of urgency, which has been described as "decisive for the war” [compare the protocol from the briefing of 21.07.42, which may be submitted upon request]
3. The Plenipotentiary of the Marshal of the Reich for Nuclear Physics, Councilor of State Prof. Dr. A. Esau, President of the Physical-Technical Reich’s Office [Physicalische Technische Reichsanstalt] has explained the signing below, that in addition he will prove the necessity of carrying out this work in the interest of the war.

Thus,  it not for Debus’ ardent Nazism and denunciation of Crämer, the existence of the classification "decisive for the war", or Kriegsentscheidend, would never have been known.

Kriegsentscheidend 

As for the term Kriegsentscheidend, Witkowski notes that this term was highly unusual.

While the term “important for the war” [Kriegswichtig] was a technical term implying a lifting of administrative restrictions to procure necessary war projekt material, the term "decisive for the war” [ Kriegsentscheidend] occurs only in this document and only in connection with whatever research the A.E.G., Dr. Debus, and Mr. Cramer, were conducting.

Witkowski notes that he “personally analyzed in depth cubic meters of German documentation referring to technology and never came across this term in a different context as an official designation of any other research project or activity.

What is significant in this context, however, is the fact that none other than Martin Bormann, whenever he corresponded with Gerlach, mentioned the Wunderwajfe.

Gerlach also wrote Bormann at the end of 1944 that the project on which he was working would be "decisive for the war".

But most importantly, Witkowski uncovered the work of a Polish historian, Herbert Lipinski, who had some access to the Farm Hall Transcripts in their pre-declassification form.

From Limpinski’s descriptions of the transcripts, compared to their "public consumption" declassified version, "something completely different followed" whenever Gerlach was present and the subject of conversation turned to physics.

For “the topics of conversations were most often: ‘atomic nuclei’, ‘extraterrestrial space’, ‘magnetic fields’ and ‘the earth’s gravitation'.

Clearly, Gerlach and Company were involved in something more rarefied than mere atom bombs. Debus’ involvement with the Bell raises yet another disturbing series of questions.

What was such an ardent Nazi doing as a director of the Kennedy Space Flight center in Cape Canaveral, a post which he was appointed to in 1963?

And why would he even be interested in mere rockets when the Bell held so much more potential not only for propulsion, but for so many other things?

Why did someone, whose expertise was in the distinctively Tesla field of high voltage electricity discharge measurement, not only find himself involved both in the semi-secret V-2 program and the much more secret Bell project during the war, but after the war

Why was this electrical engineer involved as a director of the Kennedy Space center?

Dr. Hermann Oberth Takes a Trip with some Friends

Dr. Kurt Debus is not, however, the only Nazi "rocket" scientist who was involved with the Bell.

Another is the well-known Dr. Hermann Oberth. who, like the Russian Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and American Robert Goddard, is one of the three founding fathers of modem rocketry.

Oberth’s involvement remains a mystery, for some time between 15 and 25 September 1944 he apparently took a "business trip", along with other "Bell" project scientists Herbert Jensen, Edward Tholen, and the enigmatic Dr. Elizabeth Adler, from Prague, to Breslau, and eventually to the region where the Bell itself was being tested.

Tom Agoston’s work on the Kammlerstab, reveals the significance of Prague as the home of a number of Nazi secret weapons projects, and its significance for its close proximity to the headquarters of Kammler’s secret weapons “think tank” at the Skoda Works in Pilsen.

And in the "Nazi Legend of the UFOs" Breslau is the home of the alleged secret "flying saucer" research being conducted.

Iit is indeed curious, that Oberth. a relatively well-known figure, should be accompanying an obscure mathematician whose specialty is unknown, and two other scientists of relative obscurity, on what is apparently a "fact- finding" mission to the centers of the Third Reich’s most sensitive -and still unknown- secret weapons projects

But Witkowski’s commentary on Oberth’s involvement is perhaps even more unsettling: 

"Like earlier in the case of Professor Gerlach this information reveals to us a certain unusual and significant fact - significant for the work being carried out: Namely that in principle it is unknown what Prof. Oberth was engaged in during the war".

One could have the impression that this is some kind of light at the end of the tunnel, which until now has been cloaked in the darkness of night.

After all it is known for sure that Oberth was not connected with the centere in Peenemüinde, since in this case he would have undoubtedly held at least one of the positions of command, in other words the fact of his engagement would have been known.

Thousands of specialists employed there worked after the war in other countries, from the USA and USSR to even Egypt and so is out of the question that a possible secret of this kind could not be kept hidden.

So it seems that some kind of alternative program had existed, being carried out for a long time, and quite a serious one at that. 

Oberth’s presence on this trip, particularly in the company of the mysterious Dr. Elizabeth Adler, whose only known connection to German secret weapons projects is the Bel,l implies the presence in Nazi Germany of two "space" programs, one for "public consumption" represented by the V- 2 and various other rocket projects, the other, by the Bell.

Oberth was perhaps the world’s then-leading theoretician of the problems and solutions for long term manned space flight.

His presence in the circle of scientists involved with the Bell, such as Dr. Adler, Dr. Gerlach, and Dr. Debus, is another clue as to the possible principles of its operation and the possible purpose of the project.

One cansummarize the possible clues represented by these individuals and organizational relationships surveyed by Witkowski as follows:

Individual or Organization - Area of Expertise 

• F.E.P. Admiral Willelm Rhein -  Patents Research and Development, Connection to the Kriegsmarine 
• A.F.G. [Allgemeine Elektricitische Gesellschaft] and the HWA [Heereswaffenamt] - High Voltage High Frequency Research
• SS Obergruppenführer Emil Mazuw - Army Ordnance Bureau Security, Ahnenerbe connection  
• Prof Dr. Walther Gerlach - Spin Polarization, Magnetism, Gravity
• Dr. Kurt Debus - High Voltage Discharge Parameters and Measurement, High Voltage Power Supply
• Dr. Elizabeth Adler - Mathematician [specialty unknown]
• Dr. Hermann Oberth - Space Flight Theorist and Rocket Engineer

From this list of personnel and their known areas of expertise and research pre-occupations, it is fairly easy to draw the conclusion that the Bell may have represented some revolutionary prototypical device for very advanced space flight propulsion that was not based on the inefficient reaction-driven chemical rockets.

Such an interpretation would explain the nominal though tacit involvement of the German Navy, for manned spaceflight would require the construction of pressure vessels for outer space flight that would entail similar types of expertise as used in the construction of submarine pressure hulls.

Additionally, the German Navy would clearly be interested in exotic propulsion for its U-Boats, to allow them greater underwater cruising time as well as speeds.

In any case, the presence of Debus, A.E.G., and the Army Ordnance Bureau [Heereswaffenamt] that also hovers in the background would seem to indicate a more exclusively "weapons"" preoccupation with the project.

This indication, is given rather too short shrift in favor of the "propulsion" explanation  

The Bell as a break-through "field propulsion" device of some sort is clearly the favored theory of British "Jane's Defense Weekly" journalist, Nick Cook , and  Igor Witkowski. 

At a minimum the Bell represented such a breakthrough in "field propulsion", but itl represents much more than that.

A propulsion break-through was the motivation of the project, but along the way and perhaps even near the very beginning of the project before the full-sized "Bell" was built, thee Germans also encountered some unanticipated effects that also became principal areas of investigation for the project.

The Bell exhibits many hallmarks of a device deliberately designed to cohere or “tap into" Zero Point Energy, and is a device designed to do so not only for propulsion purposes, but for weaponization.

It is thus best seen, perhaps, as a prototypical "scala"" device, a prototypical technology of an extremely unified physics.

Where it All Happened

According to Witkowski, the principal laboratories for the work on the Bell were in Lower Silesia, in the town of Neumarkt [modern day Sroda Slaska], and Leubus [modern day Lubiaz], disguised inside the facility Schlesische Werkstätten für Fürstenau.

The corporate backing was provided by A.E.G. [Allgemeine Elekticitäts Gesellschaft] and the giant Siemens electrical firm. 

A little further away, there is another complex that is a part of the project, the Wenceslas Mine at Ludwigsdorf [modern day Ludwikowize].

Here in a remote valley, again disguised as a coal mine, the SS built tunnels, Bunkers, and a very odd object that looks like a large concrete Henge, self-evidently a test rig of some sort.

This "Henge" stands inside a pool or basin, around which there are ports for heavy electrical cabling.

According to Rainer Karlsch, a team of physicists from a German university [in Giessen] has carried out a lot of research in Ludwikowice, and on the Henge.

The result is such that there are  isotopes in the construction [in the reinforcement], which can only be the result of irradiation by a strong beam of neutrons, thus that there must have been some kind of device accelerating ions, rather heavy ones.

It could be calculated what was the intensity of the radiation in 1945 and generally it was very high.

In other words, whatever had been tested at the Henge -and there is every indication that it was the Bell- it not only required a sturdy structure to keep it down but also it gave off strong, heavy, radiation. 

The History and Code-Names of the Project

While experiments on the Bell first appear to have been undertaken in May and June of 1944,  the project itself was conceived some two and a half years earlier, meaning that it required that long to bring whatever theory that underwrote it to practical and technical manifestation.

The entire research project as such was created in January 1942 - under the code-name “Tor” [Gate], which functioned until August 1943.

Alter this it was renamed or rather divided into two “sub-projects" 

The code-name “Tor” was replaced by the code-names: “C'hronos” and “Laternenträger". Both referred to “the Bell”, but the project had been divided into physical and medical-biological aspects.

It was not established which code-name corresponded to a given aspect of the work. The system powering "the Bell" probably received the code-name 'Charite-Anlage'.

The code-names are suggestive, since "Chronos” means “time” in the Greek, and “gate” is suggestive enough. Both taken together suggest that at least part of the intention behind the product was to engineer time.

If so, it is another indicator that the Nazis had abandoned Special Relativity with its locally flat space.

They were perhaps experimenting in a kind of “hyper-relativity” or a locally-engineered space-time curvature. The significance of the code names, then, points to a very radical and exotic physics, one, while based upon some of Witkowski’s speculations, far exceeds them.

But what of the other code-name, Laternenträrger?

Literally, it means a “lantern bearer” or “lantern carrier,” i.e., the individual who lit gas street lights in the era before electric lights and photo-voltaic cells dispensed with the need for such lamp-lighters.

But there may be something more significant in the choice of this particular code-name, as Witkowski notes:

“[One] can look at this from yet another angle. It could be, as it was suggested to me, a not too literal translation of a certain ancient name -the name of ‘Lucifer’, i.e., ‘he who carries the light'.

In any case, the important points are not only that the code-names may be indicative, at least in a general way, of the exotic physics the project was to investigate, but also that the project was apparently underway for at least two years before a practical technology - the Bell itself resulted.

This implies a high degree of theoretical background work was its inspiration, and that in turn means the clues must be investigated very carefully in an attempt to reconstruct what that theoretical basis might have been.

The Last Flight of the Ju 390

So what happened to the Bell and its research team?

Most of the scientists and technicians were murdered by the SS, and the project hardware itself was evacuated.

Indeed, there is now strong evidence that "Project Lantern Bearer" [or if one prefers. "Project Lucifer"] was evacuated in April of 1945 by a six-engine Junkers 390.

This is intriguing, since one of the last pictures of the Junkers 390 was taken at approximately the same period at an airfield in Prague.

Since at the end of the war only one Ju 390 was left in existence,  it flew from Prague to near Ludwigsdorf [probably the aerodrome at Opole, in Poland)] picked up its additional cargo there, and then, according to an SS officer who was involved in the project [his interrogation records where found by Witkowsk in the Berlin Document Center] was flown to Bodo air-base in Norway, after which, like the Bell and General Hans Kammler, it simply disappears.

Rudolf Schuster's Tetimony

In April 1945 as Soviet forces closed on Schweidnitz [modern Swidnica]. the Bell was loaded on a Junkers Ju-390 aircraft.

In his book, "Wunderwaffe", Witkowski says the Ju-390 flew from Prague to Opole, Poland.

SS Hauptsturmführer Rudolf Schuster of the SS Economic Ministry [WHVA)] witnessed the Bell device being loaded into a Ju 390 for an evacuation from Germany at an airfield at Schweidnitz 100km west of Opole in an area still held by the 17th Army.

The 1st Panzer Army still held territory east, near Opole and the 4th Panzer Army still held territory west of Schweidnitz.

Other sources suggest the airfield may have been Bystzyca Klodzka airfield situated in a valley within the Eulengebirge mountains themseleves and indeed west of Opole.

Bystzyca Klodzka was connected by narrow gauge railway with the Wenceslas mine at Ludwikowice.  

Schuster noted the Ju-390 aircraft was hidden under tarpaulins at the airfield, but beneath those tarpaulins it was painted in pale blue with markings of the Swedish Air Force. 

Jakob Sporrenberg testified that it departed with passengers -engineer SS Mjr. Kurt Debus, mathematician Elizabeth Adler and scientist Dr Hermann Oberth- for Bodo in Norway. 

Critics say there is no record of Schuster's name in the SS, but the same can be said of many Luftwaffe personnel after the Nazis deliberately destroyed personnel files at Linz in April 1945..

Testimony from Dr Wilhelm Voss

In 1974 British Journalist Tom Agoston interviewed the officer in charge of the SS Skoda works, Dr Wilhelm Voss.

Voss, unaware of the testimony from either Schuster, or Sporrenberg told Agoston about the Ju-390's flight from Schweidnitz to Bodo and the Bell.

Wilhelm Voss held numerous positions in business in the National Socialist German Reich. 

He was co-founder of the Reichswerke Hermann Göring in 1937 and later general director from 1939 to 1941. As a prominent Wehrwirtschaftsführer he was in addition to his position at the largest arms manufacturer Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Rheinmetall-Borsig AG in Berlin and Chairman of the Board of Deutsche Revisions and Treuhand AG.

In occupied Czechoslovakia , he was from 1938 to 1945 Chairman of the Board of the Czech Škoda Works , which had been incorporated in 1938 in the Hermann Göring Works. He also worked in other arms factories in Czechoslovakia, the "Explosia as" in Prague , the "Brno AG Brno Works" in Brno and the "Synthesia Chemicals Prague". He also became chairman of the board Avia AG for aircraft in Prague.

In Austria , he rose to the position of chairman of the supervisory board of Simmering-Graz-Pauker AG in Vienna and in 1938 the Hermann Göring-Werke took over the majority of the shares of Steyr-Daimler-Puch AG in Steyr , where he became its supervisory board chairman. He was also Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Omnipol Handels-AG in Vienna and member of the Supervisory Board of Veitscher Magnesitwerke AG in Vienna.

In Italy, he was Chairman of the Board Omnipol SA in Milan

Arriving Bodo Norway

Sporrenberg claims the Ju-390 was kept under SS guard at Bodo under tarpaulins painted in pale colours of the Swedish Air Force. Bodo was a small fishing town of 5000 Norwegians. The airfield nearby had been hastily built by the British in 1940 as a base for Hurricanes and Gladiator fighters.

The Luftwaffe took over Bodo airfield basing a collection of Me-109, Ju-87 Stukas and a handful of Ju-88/Ju-188 there.

Bodo's 1,200 meter runway was formed by planking over a marsh area. It would have had a relatively weak flexible runway. Fortuitously the Ju-290 was capable of landing on runways with Pavement Construction Numbers  [PCN] of just 7.5.

The Ju-390 was also capable of landing in just 510 metres of runway. It had an exceptionally slow stall speed of just 66 knots. 

From Bodo to Argentina

At this point German sources fall silent, 

According to several 1945 claims, a six engined, or multi engined German transport plane arrived at a private aerodrome at Puntas de Gualeguay in Argentina 195 km north of Buenos Aires.

It unloaded a Bell device and some passengers. 

Long after World War 2, the secretive Argentine Government was compelled at congressional hearings to declassify some of its wartime dealings with Nazi Germany.

Out of this tumbled the fact that a large multi engined German aircraft flew to El Palomar airbase Buenos Aires on 2 May 1945 from Villa Cisneros (now known as Daklha) and unloaded a device simply called the Bell.

It was then flown from El Palomar to a jungle airstrip in Entre Rios province Argentina in May 1945  and then to a German owned ranch in Uruguay near Paysandu.

To cover the embarrassment of the aircraft's existence in Argentina as the Third Reich collapsed, it was broken up with parts dumped into the Rio Pirana.

-  Classified Intelligence report of Argentine Economic Ministry 1945 only declassified 1993

The report itself was not published,

Prior to declassification of Polish archives in 1998 there was no public knowledge of the Nazi Bell device. 

Many years later, Abel Basti's 2004 tourist guide to "Bariloche Nazi", disclosed the report's claims about the Bell arriving in 1945.

Basti probably obtained this document by giving numerous undertakings to the Argentine authorities. This is not an abnormal procedure in this country.

The Argentine Government does not wish to have sensitive matters involving its Nazi past given official airing, but occasionally Argentine authors are allowed to see documents unofficially.

Undertakings usually include promising not to publish any photocopy, not to show the copy to anybody else, not to quote the issuing office, and to change important sensitive details. 

Iin this particular document it is not clear whether the aircraft landed in Uruguay, or Argentina because the location is deliberately obscured and confused.

Witkowski revealed a report, only declassified in 1998, by the son of a Polish diplomat  who witnessed a Junker 390 being dismantled in May 1945 at an airfield on a German ranch along a road east from Paysandu city towards Rivera, near the village of "19 de Abril" in Paysandu Province, Uruguay. 

Local folklore has it that parts of the aircraft were cut up and dumped in the Rio Uruguay.

When Argentina created it's own nuclear program in 1947 at remote Lake Nahuel Huapei, close to the Nazi populated town of Barriloche, was it the same device offloaded from the Ju 390 at El Palomar which was set up in Dr Ronald Richter's laboratory? 

Information that the Bell was a particle accelerator comes in part from the 1956 job application by Dr Ronald Richter to work for the US Air Force. A job application which apparently was so sensitive that it too remained classified until 1999.



Nick Cook’s hypothesis that Kammler had not died in Czechoslovakia at the end of the war, but that he had either made his way into post-war America’s secret black projects along with the Bell as part of a comprehensive bargain struck between the United States and various high ranking Nazis, including Martin Bormann, or that he simply disappeared with it into an independently-run and continuing Nazi secret weapons project.

Witkowski has uncovered certain circumstantial information that appears to corroborate the "American scenario".

Among the many other scientists involved with the Bell, there was one Herbert Jensen.,

Jensen accompanied Hermann Oberth, and the very mysterious Elizabeth Adler, on their “business trip” from Prague to Lower Silesia.

Oberth and Jensen were some of the main “prizes” sought by the USA after the war, along with Kurt Debus.

In other  words, behind the mad scramble to acquire the Peenemüinde rocket scientists and pry open the secrets of the Nazis’ atom bomb project, a concerted effort also seems to have been underway to reassemble as much of the personnel as were involved in the Bell as possible.

Given the extremely secret nature of Project Lantern Bearer, one must assume that the knowledge of the personnel involved with the project, as well as the knowledge of who escaped the SS execution of various scientists and technicians involved, could only have come from within the SS itself.

It iss also noteworthy that Gerlach, after his internment by the British at Farm Hall, was the only Farm Hall scientist who was subsequently transferred to the United States for further intensive interrogation, and it is extremely significant that his wartime work diaries were appropriated by the American OSS.

They remain classified in the CIA archives. Almost nothing is known of their contents. 

The fact that Gerlach was singled out for such interrogation and that his wartime diaries were placed under tight classification speaks volumes.

Witkowski also entertains the notion that the Ju 390, which was one of the first aircraft in the world equipped for mid-air refueling, a technique pioneered by the Luftwaffe, might have flown its contents to Argentina to continue its research independently of the prying eyes of the Allies, and under the watchful protection of the Peron government.

Geoffrey Brooks also, unequivocally maintains that the Bell. General Kammler, and the missing Ju 390, made their way to Argentina. 

In the light of Carter Hydrick’s thesis that Martin Bormann actually aided the United States in the surrender of the U-234 and its valuable cargo of fissile Uranium and A-bomb components, Brooks' remarks underscore the significance and importance as the "war decisive weapon" that the Bell had for the Nazis:

"The Nazis were particularly anxious to protect documents containing the highest classifications of secret knowledge designated 'Geheime Reichssache' relating to the development of arms, aircraft and submarines.

"The most important of all these, files relating to super aviation fuel and advanced aircraft, went by long-range Junkers Ju 390 transport aircraft directly to Argentina".

From the point of view of the US Government, the 260 tons of strategic material aboard the German U-Bboat U-234 escorted into Portsmouth Navy Yard. New Hampshire, on 19 May 1945 is so absurdly secret - the fact that it is classified as top secret is a secret-as are the documents pertaining to Dr Heinz Schlicke and the nature of the assistance he afforded the Manhattan Project in the three months after his capture.

The most secret item of cargo aboard U-234 remains the eighty small cases of Uranium powder which have never appeared on any USN Unloading Manifest and which will have been the fissile material for a rudimentary atomic explosive.

But as far as the German High Command was concerned, the voyage of this U-Boat with its extra-ordinary cargo of war materials and passengers did not rate so highly as to fall within the ambit of the General Plan of Evacuation, " Operation Regentröpfchen" Little Raindrop], in which the Gauleiter of Lower Silesia, Karl Hanke, also played a significant role.

According to Brooks, whose information in this regard corroborates Witkowski’s own discovery of the Bell’s classification as "Kriegsentscheidend", the Bell rated higher than the atom bomb in the German High Command’s estimation.

While this may seem odd or unusual, it should be recalled that a similar classification scheme has been alleged for captured "UFO" technology in the post-war USA, rating it higher than the hydrogen bomb.

In any case, Brooks then adds significant detail about the Bell in Argentina.

" A leftist correspondent of a leading Neuquen daily newspaper active in exposing Nazi war criminals in the Bariloche area of Argentina and who prefers anonymity for that reason has stated in writing that he inspected official documents confirming that the German anti-gravity experiments SS-E-IV and SS-U-13, together with the notorious Bell... arrived aboard a Junkers Ju 390 long-range transport aircraft which flew non-stop from Norway to Gualeguay aerodrome in Entre Rios province, Argentina, at the war’s end.

"If true, this might he seen by some as suggestive that the SS anti-gravity aircraft project was the post-war utmost priority for the National Socialist scientific elite".  

If Brook's scenario is correct, then it is sobering in its implications, for it indicates that an independent and on-going Nazi development of exotic weapons technologies continued after the war. 

The Design of the Bell and Its Effects in Operation

Witkowski’s anonymous Intelligence informant aroused enough interest in the Polish journalist in the subject of what really constituted the so-called Wunderwajfe that he began to search for references to it.

The quest began with yet another characteristic statement from Propaganda Minister Dr. Josef Göbbels relayed by his wife, Magda, to her sister-in-law.

The Nazi Propaganda minister, it seemed, had seen a weapon so visionary" that it would guarantee ultimate victory

Such statements were, of course, standard fare for the beleaguered Reich.

But Witkowski soon uncovered odd corroboration from another source, this time from the aide to the well-known SS commando, Otto Skorzeny: Karl Radi.

Radi disclosed, in documents Witkowski uncovered at the American archives’ Berlin Document Center, that Skorzeny had engaged in numerous acts of sabotage behind Russian lines in 1944. 

Skorzeny had "come into contact with the 'Wunderfwaffe'

"s a result he had  ‘been possessed' by the idea of ‘Sonderkampf' [Special Warfare], regarding the use of this weapon, to such an extent, that he considered it the only sure way to win the war.".

But the matter did not rest there.

After the war, according to reports in the Spanish press -soon followed by similar articles in the American press- Skorzeny had attempted to sell the secrets of this unknown Wunderwaffe to the Americans.

The articles mentioned that among other things what was involved was some unusual flying object, with "electro-magnetic" propulsion, which had been  responsible for a wave of flying saucer observations over North America that summer.

The article went on to state that these "saucers" were built in Spain by exiled German scientists, and that their flight principle was based on the gyroscope.

His curiosity now definitely piqued. Wikowski again arranged for further meetings with his anonymous informant. From these meetings, the following picture of the Bell emerged:

"The mysterious device seemed at first glance relatively simple, although the unusual effects of its operation contradicted this.

"The description was admittedly incomplete and non-scientific. since it had originated from military personnel, who had not had access to all of the data, but even then it included, many valuable details.

"The main part of the Bell was made up of two massive cylinders-drums around one meter in diameter, which during the experiment span in opposite directions at tremendous speeds.

The drums were made of a silvery metal and rotated around a common axis.

"The axis was formed by quite an unusual core, with a diameter of a dozen or so, to twenty centimeters, with its lower end fixed to  the Bell’s massive pedestal. It was made of a heavy, hard metal.

"Before each trial a ceramic, oblong container [defined as a "vacuum flask"]  was placed in the core, surrounded by a layer of lead approx. 3 cm thick.

"It was approx. 1-1.5 m long and filled with a strange, metallic substance, with a violet-gold hue and preserving at room temperature the consistency of "slightly coagulated jelly".

"From the produced information it followed that this substance was code- named "IRR XERUM-525" or "1RR SERUM-525".

"it contained among other constituents  thorium oxide and beryllium oxide [beryllia].

The name "Xeron" also appeared in the documentation.

It was some kind of amalgam of mercury, probably containing various heavy isotopes.

"Mercury, this time already in pure form, was also present inside the spinning cylinders.

There is a strange substance known as “red mercury”, or mercury-antimonite oxide.

It has been alleged to have astrong neutron emitting properties when subjected to sudden explosive stress. Perhaps the Nazis had stumbled onto a similar such substance during the war.. 

But just what exactly is red mercury? 

Is it a powerful new type of conventional explosive, capable of triggering fusion reactions in deuterium and tritium without the need for an atomic bomb as the fuse, as some allege, making a “pure fusion” bomb a nightmarish possibility? Or is it, as others maintain, a fanciful post-Cold War hoax? 

Code-name DOVE red mercury, enjoyed a short, if notorious, career as the nuclear threat of the nineteen nineties. 

The story broke more or less simultaneously in various parts of the world, as the mysterious substance appeared to be behind a series of murders in the black market arms trade in post-apartheid South Africa, smuggling attempts in the then recently-reunified Germany, and according to some stories, was even being sought by such “nations of concern” as Libya and Iraq as a basis for their own nuclear weapons programs. 

Then, almost as soon as the mysterious compound appeared, denunciations of the whole substance and subject as a “hoax” were issued by the United States Atomic Energy Commission, the CIA and various other American agencies.

Before the start of each experiment, and perhaps also for its duration, the mercury was intensively cooled. Since in formation appeared about the use of large quantities of liquid gas - nitrogen and oxygen, it appeared that it was precisely these that were the cooling medium.

"The entire device, i.e., the cylinders and core was covered with the aforementioned ceramic housing, of a bell-like shape - a cylinder rounded at the top crowned with some kind of hook, or fastening. The entire device was about 1.5 m in diameter and about 2.5 m high....

"The person in conversation with me had in any case emphasized that not once had the term 'weapon' been uttered in relation to the described device".

Considering the details,which differ somewhat from Nick Cook’s summary of them in "Hunt for Zero Point": 

• Two counter-rotating cylinders on a common axis, which cylinders were apparently filled with or coated with pure mercury;
• The axis itself consisted of a heavy metal core, presumably hollow, since it was the receptacle for the mysterious thorium-beryllium-mercury compound known as Xerum-525. Geoffrey Brooks notes that "By 1944 Germany had cornered all available European stocks of thorium.
  On enquiring the reason, the US Alsos mission was unable to establish a satisfactory answer".
• The outer casing was made of a ceramic material.
• The mercury, and presumably the interior of the Bell, was tremendously cooled by (presumably liquid) nitrogen and oxygen;
• The Bell was approximately (according to this latest research of Witkowsk] 2.5 meters high [about eight to nine feet high] and about 1.5 meters in diameter [or about four to five feet], smaller in size than initially reported by Cook.

 The above list raises certain important questions:

• What was the purpose of the counter-rotating cylinders?
• Were these cylinders arranged one inside the other, or one on top of the other?
• What was the purpose of using mercury in these cylinders?
• What was the purpose of using the obviously radioactive compound of Xerum 525? Was Xerum 525 some isotope of mercury, or an isotope of mercury in compound with other elements?
• What was the purpose of the ceramic housing?

Witkowski 's meetings with his informant revealed much more information not only regarding the device itself, but its experimental operation: Each such experiment was carried out in a specially prepared chamber - a pool.

In most cases it was located underground. Its surface was covered with ceramic tiles and the floor also with heavy rubber mats. The mats were destroyed after each test while the tiles were washed - deactivated with a pink liquid resembling brine.

In the case of tests conducted inside the chamber of an inactive mine, in 1945, such a chamber was always destroyed [blown up] after two-three tests....

Thee Bell itself was prepared along with the considerable power supply installation accompanying it.

A whole set of cameras, movie cameras and probably also some measuring devices were placed on a special rack in the research chamber itself.

Then a series of samples or objects were placed nearby, on which the effect of the emitted energy was tested.

These were animal organisms [live lizards, rats, frogs, insects, snails and in all probability also people - prisoners from KL Gross-Rosen] plants [mosses, ferns, horsetails, fungi, moulds] as well as a whole series of substances of organic origin such as: White of an egg. blood, meat, milk and liquid fats.

These preparations were of course carried out by scientists and technicians, as well as by a commando of prisoners from Gross-Rosen concentration camp, specially assigned to this work. It numbered up to 100 people

fust before the experiment the entire personnel was removed to a distance of 150-200 m, at the same time employing individual, rubber protective suits and helmets or hard hats distinguished by large red visors 

Thus, adding to ther previous list the following points:

• The experiments were conducted in an underground chamber, part of w'hich consisted of a pool;
• The chamber was insulated with rubber mats covering ceramic bricks;
• The effects of the Bell during its operation extended some 650-700 feet beyond the device;
• The chambers had to be destroyed after only a few tests, due apparently to the strong residual effects of its operation;
• The effects of the device on living organisms and organic material was apparently a crucial area of inquiry;l
• Even at some distance from the object, its technicians had to be in rubber suits [which suggests that they could not be electrically grounded while the Bell was in operation];
• The eyes had to be protected with red visors. 

The effects of the Bell w'hen in operation lived up to this oddd list of extreme precautions, giving off both "short-term and long- term effects - and perhaps also those about which we do not know".

 With respect to the short-term effects, these became immediately perceptible after the power had been switched on. These were: a characteristic sound, which could be described as something extremely similar to the humming of bees sealed in a bottle [hence the unofficial name "The Hive” - Bienenstock, was also used in relation to the Bell] as well as a series of electromagnetic effects.

These consisted of the following: surges in surrounding 220 V electrical installations [bulbs “blowing"] observed in the case of ground tests at distances exceeding 100 m, a bluish phosphorescence [blue glow] around the Bell" - obviously a result of the emission of ionizing radiation, as well as a very strong magnetic field.

In addition participants of the experiments felt disturbances of the nervous system''s operation, such as formication [“pins and needles"], headaches and a metallic taste in the mouth..

Clearly, the Bell’s operation induced some very odd, and extreme effects: It is well known, the "metallic taste" in the mouths of participants is one characteristic associated with those who come into close proximity to UFOs.

The long term effects were equally peculiar. Participants would suffer sleep loss, problems with their balance and equilibrium, memory problems, muscle cramps and ulceration.

The Germans apparently later "succeeded in radically limiting these unfavourable effects".

But it was the effect of its operation on organic materials that was the most peculiar, and deadly.

The various plants, animals, and presumably hapless concentration camp victims suffered “various types” of damage, the most dominant form being “the disintegration of tissue structures, gelation and the stratification of liquids [among others blood] into distinctly divided fractions.

During the first series of tests, apparently conducted from May to June of 1944, "these kinds of side-effects caused the death of five out of seven scientists engaged in them. As a result, the whole first research team was dissolved", and it became a high priority for the project to limit these effects.

In other words, the deadly effects of the Bell were not, at least initially, what the Germans were apparently after. Its purpose was something different.

Subsequently though, such results and its potential for a deadly new type of weapon could not have been lost on the Germans.

While Witkowski tends toward the view that the Bell represented a secret project in propulsion of some sort, its classification as "Kriegsentscheidend" and its clear claim to the title of “Wunderwaffe” would seem to call for more speculation in this direction,

Based on Witkowski’s disclosures, the oddest changes in organic materials "were observed in the case of green plants".

During the first phase, spanning about five hours after the test had been completed, the plants paled or became grey, suggesting chemical decomposition or the decay of chlorophyll.

Extraordinary is that despite this, such a plant lived normally, by all appearances, for a further period - the order of a week. This was followed by immediate, almost rapid or cascade [8-14 hours] decomposition to a greasy substance, "with the consistency of rancid fat",.. .enveloping the entire plant.

This decomposition was devoid of all features characteristic of bacterial decomposition - among other things of smell. Besides, it was too rapid, giving the impression that all structure had decayed. At the same time the formation of undefined crystalline structures was observed in the liquid organic substances....

From this one can surmise what had happened when the device was first used, causing the deaths of five of the scientists and technicians that ran it.

Unwary, they were exposed to its unusual effects, and the cellular structure of their bodies and fluids broke down completely.

But these were not the only strange effects associated with the Bell. In the region of Lower Silesia around Ludwigsdorf where the project was based, survivors from the project, or inhabitants of the area during the war, contacted Witkowski, and reporting seeing "objects vertically landing and taking off". objects that some described as "flying barrels".

Witkowski s Reconstruction of its Possible Physics

The above list of the device’s construction, its operation, and effects, paints a very unusual picture.

What sort of physics lies behind all of it?

What were the Germans attempting to accomplish with this bizarre device?

Obviously, to have such a complex device in operation by the end of the war would have required some initial testing, planning and designing, taking years of research in its own right.

So what were they looking for?

hat might have been the inspiration?

Finally, why would such a device, beyond all the other exotic weapons in the Third Reich's arsenal - an arsenal that included fuel-air bombs, guided missiles, deadly chemical and nerve gases, and possibly even the atomic bomb - be uniquely classified as "Kriegsentscheidend", as decisive for the war?

Witkowski set out to answer these questions, and in the process learned that two phrases stood out in the reports concerning the device.

These were “vortex compression” and "separation of magnetic fields". Clearly they meant something something exotic, since the mysterious Dr. Elizabeth Adler from the University of Königsberg had to be consulted on the arcane matter of "a simulation of damping of vibrations towards the centre of spherical objects".

But the Bell, obviously, was not a sphere, önor were its high-speed rotating drums "vibrating". 

The mystery deepens. . .

As Witkowski puts it, the Bell “possessed so many characteristic features that finding some kind of unequivocal explanation seemed to be unattainable .

According to him, these are;

 • The employment of very high voltages.
 • An emphasis of the phenomenon of "magnetic fields separation"
 • The occurrence of "vortex compression"
 • The fact that the device generated very powerful magnetic fields.
 • The spinning of masses/ bulky elements as a means to achieve the above effects [directly or indirectly] 
 • As a result: the generation of powerful radiation.
 • The continuous character of the Bell's operation - i.e., non- pulse
 • The reference about transforming mercury into gold.

This list is interesting, especially as regards the second to last point, the hypothesized "non-pulsed" nature of the Bell’s operation.

This is, of all the material in Wikowski’s research, the one item that lacks any corroboration.

While Witkowski is correct that this was its most likely mode of operation, there is one clue that the Bell may also have been a pulsed device, and the clue comes from Witkowski himself: the description of its sound like a hive of bees.

Such a sound is characteristic of a rapidly opening and closing high voltage direct current switch, such as the type Tesla used in his Impulse Magnifying Transmitter experiments with direct current.

The “buzz" sound is characteristic of such devices.

The last point brings up yet another oddity in the long list of oddities associated with the Bell, and that is transmutation of elements. 

Tthere was a curious reference in the Farm Hall transcripts on two separate occasions to a “photo-chemical process" of isotope separation - It might be some analogue or derivative to cold fusion. But the reference is in the context of a project having little to due with “photo-chemistry" except in the loosest of senses.

As for the reference to transmutation, this is a partly solved problem, for there exists in the "Frankfurter Zeitung und Handelsblatt" on 18 June 1924, an article on precisely the transmutation of mercury into gold - long before the discovery of nuclear fission - by none other than Prof. Dr. Walther Gerlach.

Gerlach speaks of such transmutation being possible through the bombardment of a target with "rays" of an unspecified nature, and then goes on to speak of the scientific feasibility of alchemy..

Seeking to piece all of these pieces together, Witkowski contacted Polish physicist Marek Demiaski, a specialist in gravitational physics.

Outlining the Bell’s peculiar properties, Demia ski concluded that vortex motion might be a key to generating gravitation, and then added that mercury would "best suit this purpose" as being a substance of high density and simultaneously as a liquid".

If the Germans "had succeeded in aligning the axes of nuclei rotation in one direction, with the aid of a strong magnetic field" then perhaps they had achieved some sort of gravitational breakhrough.

Witkowski next tackled the problem of the apparent high voltages used in the Bell.

“It must have led to a discharge, and consequently it must have been a question of plasma physic".

If i it was the case as Demia ski suggested that the active substance in such a device be characterized by low viscosity, then gas would be of a lower viscosity than liquid, and plasma lower than gas.

Plasmas created through an electric current create vortices known as plasmoids, in which "the lines of magnetic field force are almost completely closed".

Under these conditions a plasma vortex is almost completely isolated from its surrounding environment. This in turn creates a kind of local "space- time continuum" or localized space curvature.

During the period he was formulating these observations, Witkowski visited the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion in Warsaw, where he was met with an incredible site, a plasma trap, having all the characteristic appearance of the Bell!.

Incredibly, the same ceramic and rubber-mat shielding was also necessitated by the device, just as they were with the Bell.

Witkowski concluded that the Bell represented some sort of "trap for a plasma vortex".” 4

But the Bell was different from the modern device Witkowski saw in one important respect.

"It became evident that it was simply the spinning that was missing".

Plasma sometimes creates a kind of vortex, but this is usually a side effect. Nobody yet, nobody after the war - has built a "plasma focus" device chiefly for the fast spinning of heavy ions -..the internal construction of every plasma is purely static.

The conception of rotating or counterrotating cylinders remains unknown. Nobody has struck upon the idea of doing this.

Thus, Witkowski was led to his final reconstruction of the Bell, and the principle of its operation and the reasons the Germans chose this peculiar method of designing a “plasma focus”:

"A large, metal drum, in which a small amount of mercury was present. The drum would then be accelerated to a speed of say tens of thousands of revolutions per minute. Under the influence of the centrifugal force the mercur', as a liquid, would cover the walls of the drum creating a thin layer.

"After achieving the target speed a high voltage electrical discharge would be created between the circumference of the drum [the mercury' layer] - and its axis - the core.

"Theoretically this would accelerate the ions of mercury towards the core, with a speed of many kilometers per second. But since the mercury would already possess a certain torque, in due measure of approaching the core its angular velocity would increase ... thus developing an increase in rotational speed.

"In the case of the drum with mercury this would lead to an overlapping of the two speeds - created by a preserv ation of the torque and a result of the flow of electric current.

"From my approximate calculations it followed that by this means it would be possible to achieve a speed of the ultimate 'compressed' vortex of the order of even hundreds of thousands of revolutions per second.

"And with these tremendous speeds of rotation with a plasma whose axes of rotation were all polarized [lined up in the same direction\, it followed that enormous kontrabaryc [anti-gravitational] effects  might result, since the recent physics literature indicates precisely such a connection between mass and rotation".

But what of the transmutation part of it?

Sensing that such vorticular structures are an inevitable template of matter itself, Witkowski “recalled the works of the Russian scientist Genadiy Shipov and of the German physicist. Professor Burkhard Heim [working during the war at the Göttingen University].

In all their works there was reference to changes being created in the structure of materials by artificially generated gravitational waves".

Burkhardt Heim was a well-known and respected physicist and peace advocate in Germany before his death. Almost nothing is said about him in this country, but it is significant that his work was mentioned by Leonard G. Cramp in his well- known "UFO classic UFOs and Anti-Gravity: Piece for a Jig-Saw" [(Kempton: Adventures Unlimted Press, 1966]

As will be seen subsequently, this is a signal clue that much more was involved in the Bell than a mere plasma focus trap. 

Gravitational research is, in one respect, obviously the motivation and purpose of the Bell.

 Witkowski also makes another connection that is well worth pondering. Connecting the idea of “magnetic fields separation” with atomic spin polarization, Witkowski  states:

"We know from contemporary references that the ‘separation’ may be achieved in various ways, like by a super-conductor or through a so called pinch in plasma. .

NASA has launched the Gravity Probe B spacecraft last year [which has fast spinning balls surrounded by a material superconducting in this temperature, in order to isolate the magnetic Field, therefore to basically verify the same effect only that without plasma].

They quoted a different reference however:

The theory developed in Germany and Austria before the war mostly by Hans Thirring -a close associate of Dr Walther Gerlach- a theory of spacetime and gravity which takes into account such a “separation".

If not for NASA, the work would be largely forgotten.

The theory, incorporating the insightful concept of rotating the active substance to achieve maximum spin polarization, is a concept well in keeping with Gerlach’s interests.

 Story from the Neo-Nazi Fringe

Amazingly, there is a story from the Neo-Nazi fringe element in North America that oddly corroborates many details of Witkowski’s reconstruction.

The story is made the more remarkable for the fact that it appeared prior to the publication either of Nick Cook’s "Hunt for Zero Point" or of the research on which its revelations on the Bell were based: Witkowski's "The Truth About the Wunderwaffe".

The story emanated from notorious “holocaust revisionist” Eric Züindel's Samizdat Press in Canada.

The story allegedly came from a “Prof. Dr. Friedrich Kuhfuss, who died in Barcelona, Spain, in exile, having never been captured by the Allies'.

Friedrich Kuhfuss is a pseudonym for a German expatriate and Third Reich veteran who founded the post-war National Socialist group WUNS-Spain.

He made his Deputy Antonio Madrano the nominal leader of the group to avoid the appearance of foreign control.

”Deep among the near-primeval, dark and foreboding forests, somewhere in one of the many hilly areas of Germany, there was a secret base simply called X.

"To the outside w'orld it looked like an ancient hunting lodge, perched atop a small hill.

"Only two meandering winding roads led up to the “Jadgschloss” as German woodsmen and small farmers of the nearby village [about 8 km distant] would simply call it....

"Their forest area had been declared a restricted area.

"They were told that for the duration of the war the entire area was under the direct control of the S.S.

"All villagers were issued with special passes, with photographs; no outsiders were allowed to visit them and they were sworn to secrecy....

"They observed... bus loads of people driving through their village, usually sombre looking men, very few women, but many of them uniformed and an exceptional number of higher rank officers.

"Since there was only one Inn in the village' "The Gasthaus zum Goldenen Ochsen" [The Golden Oxen] occasionally some of the heavy Mercedes and Opel automobiles would stop and their occupants lunch or partake of snacks.

"The men behaved in a most peculiar manner.

"They all took their briefcases with them to lunch, many of these cases being of a size larger than the usual German briefcase......



"There was relative quiet for a number of weeks and then one day S.S. men asked the local Burgermeisterr to call together the local inhabitants.

"An officer was introduced, he announced that close to the Jagdschloss an auxiliary to a concentration camp was to be set up and that the inmates were war plant workers engaged in extremely important work.

"Nobody was to fraternize with these people and all strangers or strange happenings were to be immediately reported to the S.S. Ortskommandatur....

"A few days later, truck after truck loaded with construction equipment of every conceivable description rolled through the village.... Soon loud and frightening blasts could be heard day in and day out, reverberating through the valleys. After a few months they ceased.

"Then huge, slow-moving, flatbed trucks began to arrive carrying loads, covered with tarpaulins all chained to the platforms and guarded by soldiers.This went on for many, many weeks. By now the whole village was rife with the most unbelievable rumours.

One night, the entire village was awakened and terribly frightened by sound of such high pitch and frequency that had commenced only as a hardly audible humming, that it was soon realized that something very unusual was happening. They rushed outside and to their utter amazement and bewilderment they saw a brilliantly illuminated “thing” hovering in the air in the general direction of the Jagdschloss.

"Then, just as violently as it had announced its arrival the sound died down, the light faded and the strange “thing” settled behind the treetops, out of the sight of the relieved, yet still shaken local people.... Soon several of these strange vehicles, each a little different from the other, were flying about, at first slowly but later at such fantastic speeds that it was difficult to follow them with the naked eye....

"Sometimes, when flying so fast, they made frightful noises, big bangs, that reverberated around the valleys rather like heavy thunderclaps.

"So, the months became years, then one day long columns of trucks clogged the roads. Since there were two roads into and out of the Jagdschloss it was difficult to know what was transpiring, but soon they knew'. Less and less flying "things” were seen and soon the camp was only a shadow of its former self.

"One day all work ceased, tremendous explosions ripped, once again, through the valley, smoke rose from the area of the Jagdschloss and a few weeks later the Russians rode into town, unopposed, raping and looting everything in sight....

Little did the Russians realize that in those caved-in caverns, with electrical cables and wires dangling from now damp ceilings, on the debris-littered floors, in seemingly endless halls, with strange burn marks on the concrete floors, walls and ceilings, had taken place one of the wonders of the world... only worthless bits of pieces of metal, nuts, bolts, steel rods, rubber tires, some leather and some strange-looking grayish substance was to be found amongst all the rubble".

There are a number of things that would tend to indicate that this story is pure fantasy.

First, and most importantly, the idea of SS officers openly carrying briefcases of secret research in the local Gasthaus is utter nonsense. For the loyalty-and-security obsessed SS such breaches would have been unthinkable; but, if committed by any member, swiftly and ruthlessly dealt with.

Secondly, neiither the more modem Schloss or the mediaeval castle at Fürstenstein were ever used as hunting lodges .

But there are also a number of things to notice here that corroborate Witkowski’s reconstruction of the Bell in a general fashion, and that therefore tend to indicate that the story contains some elements of truth.

Indeed, it contains many elements in common with Witkowski’s history of the Bell project, a coincidence made more compelling for the fact that it predates Witkowski’s published work.

• Tthe story is of a heavily forested, hilly area of Germany. Schloss Fürstenstein certainly qualifies for that.
• The area, and the project reported by the story, were under SS jurisdiction.
• There was a concentration camp involved to supply slave laboy for the project 
• A great amount of blasting occurred, suggesting a great deal of underground construction took place.
• Very obviously the object reported by the villagers in the story gave off strong field effects, a similarity with the Bell that is all too palpable.
• It is also clear from the story that heavy electrical cabling was involved, yet another connection with the story of the Bell.
• The "slacklike" gray substance found among the rubble, recalls the reports of blackish or grayish goo that resulted from the Bell’s tests on organic materials.
• The scorching of stone walls, supports the idea of strong radiation, another parallel with the Bell as recounted by Witkowski.
• The story that the site was apparently quickly and thoroughly evacuated by the SS, along with more blasting, sealing the tunnels to prevent to prevent whatever remained from falling into Russian hands.

Witkowski implies  the Bell was a uniquely designed plasma vortex trap that perhaps achieved extra-ordinary kontrabaric effects.

Mercury Vortex Engines

But Witkowski is alive to the fact that the Bell might represent much more.

Witkowski asks a question that leads him to consider an unlikely source of inspiration for the whole project:

"Yet one more issue remains - how did it happen that scientists from the 1940s understood exactly where they were heading?

"hey had applied after all ideas from XXI century physics.

"How is it, that they were conscious of bringing about a major turning-point?

"What arguments did they lay down [before the launch of work] that caused them to win the race for funds with the great and influential armaments consortiums?

"And they won decisively.

"It seems that the whole issue is something more than just a technical problem.

"The unusualness of all this is summed up by the fact, that descriptions of mercuric propulsion had appeared as long ago as in ancient times - in alchemy and old Hindu books one can easily check this.

"The 'Samaranganasutradhara' a book at least 2.000 years old, said for example:

'By means of the power latent in the mercury which sets the driving whirlwind in motion, a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in the sky in a most marvelous manner". 

Witkowski is clearly suggesting that the inspiration for the project might have come from the SS' preoccupation with the occult, and from its investigations of the possible scientific underpinnings in various occult and esoteric treatises.

Here Witkowski ends his reconstruction of the Bell and his own speculations as to its operation and the actual goals the Germans hoped to achieve with it.

In doing so, a number of significant questions remain unanswered.

Witkowski rightly understands the importance of the rotation of the mercury or Xerum-525 substance in the device, but, having once mentioned it, he never considers what the Germans may have been hoping to accomplish by counter-rotation of the same substance.

The kontrabaric effects of the Bell are explained by one rotating cylinder. So why were there two cylinders on a common axis rotating in opposite directions?

Equally important: what was their configuration? Was one cylinder inside the other? Or was one cylinder on top of the other?

A related question is this: Beyond the possible esoteric and occult inspirations, what in the physics literature of the day might have formed the basis of the Lantern-Bearer Project?

Tthe Germans had a number of scientists other than Gerlach who realized the importance of vortices for the very building blocks of matter.

Once this idea is stated, one inevitably sees the implication, for if vortices constitute the fundamental building blocks of matter, then they also constitute a template of action for the transmutation of one orm of matter into another, as well as a template for a variety  of other actions.

As well Yet another question to be at least speculatively answered is why the device was enclosed in a ceramic, bell-like shell?

Was this choice of material, and its shape, significant?

Similarly, the characteristic sound the Bell made while in operation was like a beehive.

This sound could be indicative of a rapidly opening and closing switch to pulse the device with high voltage [most likely, direct] current.

Finally, the Bell’s effects on living organisms -whatever its extra-ordinary kontrabaric and "temporal dilation" effects might have been- surely could not have been lost on the Germans either. Clearly they were in the presence of a phenomenon that could be applied in a variety of ways, as a means perhaps of propulsion, perhaps even of communication, and perhaps also as a weapon.

The phenomenon the Nazis had accessed via the Bell was a unified phenomenon and pointed to an underlying unified physics.

The question is, what is that phenomenon?

What were the Nazis after?

Did they know what they had accessed?

Why does the figure of Gerlach keep popping up?

Why, for example, is an expert in spin polarization, gravitation, transmutation of elements, and mercury plasma, placed in charge of Nazi Germany’s public atom bomb project?

Why are his diaries still classified? Why would an anti-gravity device suddenly become a Wunderwaffe ? What possible type of physics could underlie all these things?

“Scalar weapons are the most powerful and flexible weapons on earth. Nothing else can stand against them. Any nation not possessing [scalar] weapons is already a second-rate power, regardless of how many nuclear missiles, bombers, and submarines it possesses, or how many high-energy lasers and high power microwave weapons it possesses".  

 Tom Bearden [Lt. Col., U.S. Army, Ret], "Fer De Lance: Briefing on Soviet Scalar Electromagnetic Weapons" [Santa Barbara, California: Cheniere Press, 2002]

A. Strange Claims and Quotations: Indicators of Wartime German Research in "Scalar" Weapons

When approaching the more extreme claims advanced in some exotic literature for Nazi secret weapons developments, one has the impression of some dark mediaeval alchemists’ laboratory, with the alchemists dressed in the black uniforms of the SS, cracking whips on the backs of emaciated concentration camp slaves to perfect their dreadful machines of power and annihilation.

It has all the elements - were the scope of human suffering involved not so real and so enormous- of a bad Hollywood “B” movie, with a gaunt Boris Karloff orchestrating an oddball cast that includes Bela Lugosi, Peter Lorre, Vincent Price and Sydney Greenstreet, all playing larger-than-life villains conspiring to conquer the world.

But the situation is not helped by the strange quotations from reliable sources which, if one really pays attention to them, should give one pause.

Consider two examples from the Farm Hall Transcripts, the transcripts of the conversations of the German atom-bomb scientists interred at Farm Hall, secretly recorded by the British and declassified by them only in 1992.

The two examples, concern artificial rubies, and an unknown “photo-chemical process”

One of the interred Farm Hall scientists made a rather astonishing statement, a statement made astonishing not only for its "matter-of-fact" passing nature and brevity, but also because it called forth almost no comment from the editor of the transcripts:

TOn 21 July 1945, the handsome and cynical Horst Korsching, discussing the prospects for making a living with Diebner and Bagge, offers a curious observation:

“BAGGE: For the sake of the money, I should like to work on the Uranium engine; on the other hand, I should like to work on cosmic rays.

1 feel like Diebner about this.

KORSCHING: Would you both like to construct an Uranium engine?

DIEBNER: This is the chance to earn a living.

KORSCHING: Every layman can see that these ideas arc exceedingly important. Hence there won’t be any money in it. You only make money on ideas which have escaped the general public. 

If you invent something like artificial rubies for the watch making industry, you will make more money than with the Uranium engine".

IArtificial rubies? Of course, such things were used in watchmaking before the invention of quartz movement. But in 1945, the idea was fantastic.

Of course, by the time of the declassification of these transcripts, the world’s first laser, which did in fact use an artificial ruby as the main component of the lasing optical cavity, was history, having been invented in 1961.

But in July 1945 the idea was more than a little ahead of its time.

Is this another possible, though slight, indication that something else was going on inside Nazi Germany?

Later in the conversation, Korsching expresses his desire to return to Hechingen to collect his telescope, lenses and prisms, an indication that he was perhaps involved in optical as well as nuclear research.

 he mention  of the connection between lasers and artificial rubies was not accidental, for there is the following quotation from former British Intelligence officer-cum-journalist Tom Agoston, who first broke the story of the Kammlerstab, the SS’s secret weapons think tank, to the West in the 1980s:

"Its purpose was to pave the way for building nuclear-powered aircraft, working on the application of nuclear energy for propelling missiles and aircraft; laser beams, then still referred to as 'death rays'; a variety of homing rockets, and to seek other potential areas for high-technology breakthrough".

Tom Agoston, "Blunder! How the U.S. Gave Away Nazi Super-secrets to Russia" [(New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1985].

In modem high-tech jargon, the operation would probably be referred to as an “SS research think tank”.

Some work on second-generation secret weapons, including the application of nuclear propulsion for aircraft and missiles, was already well advanced.

What is interesting is the juxtaposition of these two quotations, for while Agoston offers no evidence for his assertion that the SS was working on the development of lasers during the war, he nonetheless clearly states that this was an avenue of research being pursued.

Thus, the subsequent appearance of the Farm Hall Transcripts in the early 1990s oddly corroborates Agoston's assertions with Korsching’s very curious reference to artificial rubies, a then costly and time-consuming process that surely would have merited more than merely making rubies for watches.

Since the transcripts had not yet been declassified by the British government when Agoston wrote his book, we can only assume that Agoston did not know the contents of the still secret Transcripts and was basing his assertions on his confidential talks with Dr. Wilhelm Voss, who first disclosed the story of Kammler’s black projects secret weapons think tank. 

This juxtaposition argues very strongly, though only circumstantially, that the SS was indeed involved in researching lasers.

While we do not yet know how far they pressed this research, nor to what degree of success, it is in any case not of immediate concern, since the theoretical possibility of lasers already existed within quantum mechanics at that time.

But what is of real interest is the type of physics that Agoston's and Korsching’s remarks -made decades apart and independently of each other- indicate about the nature of the physics concepts the Germans were investigating, in this case, aspects of quantum mechanics and coherence.

Nazi ideology itself, with its rejection of "Jewish" relativistic physics, would have naturally turned to the home-grown, "purely Aryan" and equally successful, quantum mechanical theory as a conceptual basis from which to pursue its advanced projects.

There is a second odd quotation, another weird glimpse into the possible areas of physics the SS was investigating.

The Farm Hall Transcript 's Indications of a German Phot-o Cchemical Process of Isotope Separation and Enrichment

Once the interred German scientists had learned of the Allied a-bombing of Hiroshima, they then begin to debate how the Allies could have "done it so soon" - a discussion that naturally quickly turns to the question of separating and enriching enough Uranium 235 isotope.

In one short exchange between Karl Wirtz and Otto Hahn, the discoverer of nuclear fission, the deduction is quickly made by Hahn that the Allies could only have achieved the production of a Uranium A-bomb with such processes - a sentiment quickly echoed by Wirtz with his comment “They have it too".

This is a short admission pregnant with implications that methods of isotope separation were clearly known and available to the Germans during the war.

A short, but astonishing, exchange between Hahn, Weizsäcker, Harteck, Wirtz, and Diebner then follows:

HAHN: 1 think it's absolutely impossible to produce one ton of Uranium 235 by separating isotopes.

WEIZSACKER: What do you do with these centrifuges?

HARTECK: You can never get pure "235" with the centrifuge. But I don't believe that it can be done with the centrifuge.

WIRTZ: No certainly not.

HAHN: Yes, but they could do it with mass spectro-graphs. Ewald has some patent.

DIEBNER: There is also a photo-chemical process

This little exchange is a sign that perhaps the scientists are playing out a farce on their British captors, and that the farce may even be continuing by the British themselves in their declassification of the transcripts.

The British declassification is significant for when it occurs:

The transcripts are declassified by the British after the German reunification in 1989.

THis is an oblique admission, perhaps, that there was no more purpose in maintaining whatever secrets they still held, since there would now be other sources available to tell the story that had been long suppressed: that the Nazis had been either perilously close to, or had actually acquired the atom bomb before the Allies.

What is this "photo-chemical process”?

A second reference to this mysterious unknown photo-chemical process occurs a little later in the transcripts, during a brief but very suggestive interchange between Hartek and Wirtz:

HARTEK: They have managed it with mass spectrographs on a large scale or else they have been successful with a photo-chemical process.

WIRTZ: Well I would say photo-chemistry or diffusion, ordinary diffusion. They irradiate it with a particular wavelength [all talking together]).

At this juncture,  Jeremy Bernstein, the editor and annotator of the transcripts, again observes that “it is not clear" what this photo-chemical process is.

Wwhatever the process was, Wirtz’s mention of it and of irradiation with a particular “wavelength” appears to have provoked a burst of conversation from the other scientists. Were they intentionally trying to drown him out and mask his statements so as not to be recorded?

A clue is again afforded by the timing of the declassification of the Farm Hall Transcripts: after German reunification. But their declassification also occurs after another significant event, the discovery and publication of the first cold fusion experiments by Pons and Fleischmann.

Most do not associate cold fusion with isotope separation and enrichment, but the fact of the matter is, by very easily engineered processes that might best be called precisely "electrolytic" or “photochemical".

Nuclear transmutation of elements has been observed in laboratories all over the world since then, and using materials relatively easily obtained, and able to be engineered in any competent high school or in a garage laboratory bench.

The literature covering these cold fusion transmutations is easily available on any Internet search.

If this or something similar is indeed what the Germans meant by a "photo-chemical process", then the contents of the Farm Hall Transcripts are nothing less than revolutionary, for it means that we have a second indicator, in a very different way, that the Germans were researching the phenomenon of quantum coherence of the medium in a variety of systematically pursued ways. 

On this view the timing of the release of the transcripts is signifleant in a dual way, as occurring (1) after German reunification and (2) after the first public release of cold fusion experimental data.

The implications of the transcripts’ two allusions to such a photo-chemical process by interred German scientists in 1945 is staggering.

ff the Germans had actually discovered and conducted such experiments -and there was certainly ideological impetus from the Nazi government in its pursuit of "energy independence" to do so- and if they had advanced to a method that accomplished the transmutation of elements at room temperature, as in recent Japanese experiments, it is a second, though still tenuous, indicator that the SS was pursuing some very extr-aordinarily advanced physics conceptions,

Yasuhiro Iwamura, Mitsuru Sakano. Takehiko Itoh,  'Elemental Analysis of Pd Complexes: Effects of Di Gas Permeation', "Japan Journal of Applied Physics" Vol. 41 July 2002.

And there would have been little if anything required in such experiments that did not exist in some form available to the Germans during the war.  

As for the SS and fusion research, German researcher Karl-Heinz Zunneck states that fusion energy was one area of the SS’s investigations, though he does not indicate how far it had pressed this research.

- - Karl Heinz Zunneck, "Geheimtechnologien, Wundenvaffe und die irdischen Facetten des UFO-Phdnomens", Schleusingen, Germany: Amun Verlag, 2002

The only viable explanations for the anomalous excess energy present in cold fusion experiments is that some aspect of the vacuum energy has been cohered and entered the experiments via mechanisms not yet fully understood.  

Small wonder then, when Wirtz begins to talk of irradiation at particular wavelengths the other scientists appear to begin talking all at once, as if to drown out his comments from the British recorders.

This effort that, if one takes Bernstein’s editorial mystification as any indicator, was entirely successful.

1At this juncture, we have allusions, from the same source, to two different phenomena -lasers and a "photo-chemical process" of nuclear transmutation- involving quantum coherence at some level.

ISecond, in the case of the reference to artificial rubies and their implied use in lasers, here is further corroboration from an independent source of research,

Agoston, whose corroboration of the “laser" side of the story comes prior to the release of the transcripts themselves and Korsching’s passing remark about artificial rubies.

Another Odd Corroboration of Possible Nazi Knowledge of Cold Fusion

This last point, and the reference to cold fusion, is highly significant.

It is an attempt to subject some of the "Cooper-Cantwheel Majestic 12" documents to an analysis of their technical descriptions of the crashed and allegedly “extraterrestrial" vehicle[s], with a view to determine if the technical data warranted a conclusion that the crashed and recovered vchicle[(s] was necessary piloted by “E:T" and if the technical data as summarized in the documents conclusively demonstrated a non-terrestrial origin for the craft.

1The conclusion is, that while exotic, the described technologies were not exotic enough to warrant such a conclusion. 

One of the objects recovered and described in those documents was a circular plastic tube, about one inch in diameter, through the center of which ran a copper tube.

A liquid solution appeared to exist inside the tube, which the document imply is “water”.

At this juncture, Nazi "Project Paperclip" rocket scientists were brought in to examine the craft and make a pronouncement.

Two of the scientists who allegedly examined the craft were Wernher von Braun and Theodore von Karman, “who were unable to identify” the craft as a Nazi V-Weapon.

However, they were able to hypothesize that its propulsion was via “a very radical form of propulsion via a charge differential, a fact that suggests that while they may not have been able to identify it, they at least may have had their strong suspicions.

Additionally, the almost Single-mindedly “terrestrial” nature of the technology described should be clearly obvious: a simple plastic tube, approximately an inch in diameter, filled with a substance that is apparently water, in the center of which is a rod wrapped with a coil of “what appears to be... copper material". 

Moreover, apparently enough examination or analysis and speculation had been done for the investigators to conclude that the doughnut reactor was somehow a “heavy water” reactor, and that the German scientists are already thinking in terms of a fusion rather than a fission reactor.

This is perhaps significant, for the equipment described, in the context of fusion, suggests the same apparatus set up, in some respects, as the process later known as cold fusion. 

Why would the scientists von Braun and von Karman have even been thinking in such terms in 19471?

Clearly, one reason is that if the Majestic 12 documents are indeed genuine, and therefore describing real events, then any hot fusion reaction would simply have disintegrated any such “plastic doughnut” in a matter of nanoseconds.

Consequently, this means that the Nazi rocket scientists are thinking in such unconventional terms that it compels the possibility that they might have seen or heard of such technology before.

This is another indicator, from yet a totallyl different quarter that a very different habit of “physics thinking and conceptualization" may have been very common currency within the bowels of the Third Reich’s secret weapons projects. It may further indicate yet again that much more was being done at Peenemünde during the war than research into mere rockets.

There is now an extremely odd assortment of statements.

One group of German scientists are talking about "photo-chemical processes" of isotope separation and enrichment, which sounds an awful lot like cold fusion, while yet another group of German scientists from a wholly different weapons project is talking about more or less the same thing, and yet a third scientist from the first group is found making one short but highly provocative statement about artificial rubies.

Taken together these are strong indicators that within the "reach" of Hans Kammler’s black projects empire the idea of quantum coherence was apparently a central research preoccupation, and that a variety of avenues were being pursued to make the “coherence" of the Zero Point Energy -and weapons based upon it- a practical possibility.
 

A statement was made to German atom bomb project researchers Edgar Meyer and Thomas Mehner by an anonymous British Intelligence source, an individual who had been a part of the British and American Intelligence teams sent in to vacuum Kammler’s Black Reich- wilhin-the-Reich of every patent and secret weapons project they could find. 

- Mayer and Mehner, "Das Geheimnis der deutschen Atombombe"

The fact that he chose to remain anonymous speaks for itself; clearly, there is something extraordinary and much more dangeroüus than nuclear or thermonuclear weapons in the SS’ bag of “alchemical physics:”. 

"Yes, and then there was also the fourth team, about which we heard rumors during the last phase o the war. This was certainly so shadowy and fantastic, that one could only construe it as a ploy. But after the war it became evident that the world had avoided a colossal catastrophe by a hair’s breath....

"This fourth team worked in a field that was monstrous on a daily basis. And when 1 say this, I meant thereby that they experimented with things that a well-informed public would to this very day think them to be unthinkable and unbelievable, and thus imaginary".

While this quotation clearly pointed in the direction of some of the more exotic weapons projects, the fundamental question it poses nonetheless remains: Just exactly what type of strange physics were the Germans actually up to with their "implosion engines", "bladeless turbines", "radar absorbent materials" research, and even the Bell itself?

Were all these projects merely indicative of some mad, insane hodge-podge of a desperate Reich trying to save an increasingly disastrous military situation by snatching at any means to achieve it whatsoever?

Clearly such an explanation would explain much of the case, but not everything.

There an underlying conceptual foundation for all these things, a conceptual foundation that would call forth such a sobering evaluation from a British Intelligence agent implying monstrous areas of physics and the destruction of the world in a context that clearly implies he is not referring to mere atom or hydrogen bombs.

Karl-Heinz Zunneck also corroborates the German interest in development of a new physics.

Scalar Physics Lt. Col. Tom Bearden has been a consistent proponent of the possibility of accessing the so-called “Zero Point Energy” or ZPE by means of what he calls “scalar physics” for almost two decades.

arden has also used the term "energetics" -coined by the Soviets themselves- and "quantum potential weapons" to refer to this type of physics.

More importantly, one consistent aim of his works has been to point out the extreme power and danger of such physics when it is weaponized. Indeed, much of his writing was initiated by the concern to alert the West and America to the dangers of an on-going Soviet quest to perfect scalar weapons.

However, there are some significant indicators that he has missed, or perhaps that he has intentionally left unstated, indicators that imply that the story of weaponized scalar physics begins earlier than post-war Soviet Russia.

 To understand why the Soviet Union would have developed such awesome weaponry, one must go back to the end of World War Two, the beginning of the nuclear age, and the Cold War.

One must comprehend the geopolitical and military situation of that time not only from the Russian point of view but from Stalin'ss point of view.

Fully one half of the fifty million military and civilian casualties of World War Two were suffered by the Russians.

The Russian government, in the wake of the collapse of the Soviet Communist state, has released classified documents that indicate that Russian casualties, as a direct consequence of military operations, may have been nearly double the 25,000,000 that is usually mentioned.

This tends to corroborate in a general way the rumours that the Germans may have used some type of weapon of mass destruction during their military operations on the Eastern Front. 

World War Two would not have been won, and most certainly have been lost, without them.

For the German Wehrmacht, the sheer scale of operations on the Russian front dwarfed all others; all other fronts, the Italian and French theaters, were for the Nazi military colossus a mere sideshow.

The barbarity of that campaign and the enormous loss of life it caused were the result, not of a conflict between good and evil, but of two barbarous, genocidal and paranoid regimes intent on their own survival and the utter annihilation of the other.

After a three-month campaign in 1941, the Wehrmacht came within a hair’s breath of doing just that, and the Red Army, after clawing its way back with rivers of its own blood, over the next three and a half years, finally succeeded.

Consequently, by the end of the war, Soviet Russia w-as in tatters. Not only had she lost approximately sixteen percent of her pre-war population, but the cities of European Russia were piles of rubble; her workforce, industry, and infrastructure were severely dislocated and strained. Her manpower reserves were exhausted, her economy was a shambles, and her people understandably war weary.

To the Western Allies, the picture looked as if the Red Army -superbly equipped and competently led- was poised to roll over Western Europe.

But to Stalin and his marshals the situation was bleak. He needed to demobilize, but in effect, could not, since the Red Army was his one credible bargaining chip. Only its sheer size, its quality of arms and its leadership, offset the American atomic monopoly. Therefore, much to the chagrin of Soviet economic planners, they had to do the impossible.

They had to maintain their devastated economy on a war footing, while simultaneously rebuilding the infrastructure of European Russia, and they had to acquire and deploy atomic bombs in sufficient  numbers to be a credible power vis-a-vis the United States and its Allies.

By 1949 Russian spies and scientists had indeed achieved the impossible. They had delivered the A-bomb into Stalin’s hands. And a few months after the first American H-bomb, the Soviet Union would acquire its own thermonuclear capability.

There was just one problem.

The Soviet Union could never hope to out produce America in thermonuclear weapons. It is in this total context that Bearden’s reconstruction of the Soviet secret project to acquire scalar weapons should be seen.

As he puts it:

"As one aftermath of the U.S. development and use of the atomic bomb. Stalin -ever the total dictator- lashed his Soviet Academy of Sciences furiously. Undoubtedly he pointed out that the destiny of communism had been frustrated by this great technical breakthrough made by the Americans".

It is extremely doubtful that the American Manhattan Project would have been successful during the course of the war at all if it were not for the surrender of enriched Uranium 235 for its Uranium bomb, and infrared bomb fuses for its Plutonium bomb, by Nazi Germany.

Stalin's exact words could have left no doubt:

"The destiny of communism has been frustrated by the U.S. development of the atomic bomb. That is not the last great technical breakthrough.

"The next one will be Soviet. You will provide me with that great new technical breakthrough at all speed, or I will have your heads. Do I make myself clear, comrades?” 

Stalin thus planned to do exactly what the U.S. had done: Find a new area for a great technical breakthrough and super-weapon, put the entire resources of the nation behind it, develop it in great secrecy, and thrust it upon the U.S. and its Allies at the eleventh hour....

As a result of Stalin’s threats, "the entire Soviet scientific community was galvanized into a most intensive review of all physics".

There was the most massive scientific scavenger hunt in history, a Manhattan Project-sized effort, all designed simply to scour through western scientific journals for a clue that might suggest an area for such a technical breakthrough for a super-weapon. Large review institutions were quickly set up. staffed with the best Soviet scientists and support translators and teams. One such search institute involved some 2,000 PhDs along with their support staffs.

Soviet ships brought in ship loads of copies of all the scientific journals of the West -from the beginning- and they were reviewed paper-by-paper, page-by-page.

Anything novel and implying new scientific possibilities, or anything that had not been adequately followed up, was laid aside in a “select" pile for further review and decision by the best Soviet theoreticians available. Soviet science was scouring the forgotten or discarded and in some cases even the exotic and esoteric avenues of Western science.

Soviet physics in particular was, due to Russia’s isolation and communist ideology, in almost the same situation as physics had been in the Nazi Reich. 

A seemingly fantastic assertion is made by German researchers Mayer and Mehner in their  investigations of the Nazi atom bomb.

Commenting on the allegations of the anonymous British Intelligence agent that tipped them off that the SS was working on far more than mere A-bombs and H-bombs, but in areas of physics that seemingly “totally abandoned conventional physical laws".

They then go on to comment on this revelation as follows:

"This could only mean that there was a weapons system that possessed enormous range and degree of efficiency that lay beyond that of nuclear weapons technology.

"Did the Third Reich really prepare the Doomsday Weapon?

"And if so, where is this technology today?

"Was it discovered by the Allies or does it lurk secretly deep in the earth waiting for its rediscovery?" 

"If such an Ultimate Weapon has already been in existence for more than sixtyy years, then it is a legitimate question to ask what today’s military really, actually possesses.

Is the case for a Nazi origin of scalar weapons much stronger than for a Soviet one?. 

An Odd Allied Intelligence Report 

The destruction of a German regiment on the Russian front in 1943 by what appears to be a scalar weapons test remains speculative.

But there is another indicator from a declassified American Intelligence document.

The document was uncovered by German researcher Friedrich Georg: SECRET PW INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN no 2/32 13. Fantasia; German Secret Weapons Preamble.

"The following stories are from sources of doubtful reliability and may well be pure products of the imagination. However, in view of the striking similarity between them, they are printed for what they are worth.

"First Story Around 15 Sept 44, CP of 1 127 Gren Regt 559 InfDivwasin REINANGE at GSGS 44 16/U 1/9 12797.

"It was a warm sunny day with a few scattered clouds and no wind. About 1,600 PW 62 was standing near the church in REINANGE and observed a formation of Allied aircraft pass, hying from SW to NE, low enough to be recognized as four-motored planes.

"He counted up to 30 planes. They were Hying in close formation. While PW watched them pass by, he saw what he believed to be a small fighter plane [grey color, no identification marks] climb and approach the Allied formation from an easterly direction. PW states that the 'fighter plane' was Hying at abnormally high speed at that itl penetrated into the midst of the formation apparently without being fired at.

"Suddenly there appeared, where the 'lighter plane" had been before, a red ball of fire, somewhat larger than the plane itself. A split second later, the ball of fire turned into a rapidly expanding red circle [parallel to the ground]. This circle was bluish-red at its edge, and as its diameter increased, the interior of the circle became an empty space.

"As the circle enveloped the planes, they just seemed to disappear. In a matter of seconds the entire formation of Allied planes had disappeared, and the sky was just as it had been before.

"PW discussed the incident with several others who witnessed it, including a Hptm 63 of 1559 Arty Regt. 64

"This officer [who was subsequently killed] told him that the 'fighter plane' in question was a wooden miniature plane with a speed of over 1,000 km per hour and which was operated by remote control. The name of the plane is KOMET.

The Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet was a German rocket-powered interceptor aircraft.

Designed by Alexander Lippisch, it is the only rocket-powered fighter aircraft ever to have been operational and the first piloted aircraft of any type to exceed 1000 km/h [621 mph] in level flight. Its performance and aspects of its design were unprecedented.

German test pilot Heini Dittmar in early July 1944 reached 1,130 km/h [700 mph], an unofficial flight airspeed record unmatched by turbojet-powered aircraft for almost a decade.

Over 300 Komets were built, but the aircraft proved ineffective in its dedicated role as an interceptor and destroyed about nine to 18 Allied aircraft against 10 losses.Aside from combat losses many pilots were killed during testing and training.

"The Hptm told him that he had lived near an airfield where such planes were tested and that he had recognized it at once.

Source: Werner LUTMER, UFFZ. HQ 1 127 Gren Regt 

HIitler's Plans 

"About 10 October 1944. the CP of 1 127 Gren Regt was visited by the 1st general staff officer [l-a7)]of XIII SS Corps [an Oberstlt, name unknown].
"
"PW talked for about 10 to 15 minutes to this officer’s driver, a Rottenführer, who told him the following:

'He, the Rottenführer. had overheard a conversation between the general staff officer and HITLER and HIMMLER, who had visited the XIII SS Corps HQ a few days before. During the conversation he had overheard HITLER say that “the new secret weapon’’ would not be employed until a 24 hour mastery of the air and sea could be guaranteed.

"HIMMLER is supposed to have added that another prerequisite was a temperature of 10 degrees below  [Source: ibid] 

The Allied Intelligence Report Indicating Possible German Use of Scalar Device

What is one to make of this remarkable document?

First, the attitude of the American preparing the report is clear: it is pure "fantasia." purest fiction. Secondly, if it is nothing but pure "fantasia," why keep it classified until April of 1998? Either it remained classified through simple bureaucratic inertia and the sheer mountain of material at the U.S. National Archives awaiting declassification review, or there was a reason to keep it declassified for so long.

If it is the latter, that brings us to the third thing about this document.

Note that the final anecdote about Hitler and Himmler having an idle conversation about secret weapons and the need to ensure a 24 hour mastery of the air and sea occurs at approximately the same time as the alleged Nazi A-bomb testing in the Baltic, ca. 10-11 October 1944.

At that point, successful delivery of an A-bomb to any Allied strategic target could only have been accomplished by a Luftwaffe bomber, since the V-2 and V-l would not have had the ability to lift such a heavy weapon, nor the range to deliver it to any worthwhile Allied target. Hence, the last anecdote makes sense.

But it is the first story that contains the reason for keeping this document under wraps for so long.

Notably, two elements are not "pure fantasia", since the Messerschmitt 163 “Komet” was in fact a small rocket plane capable of great speeds. Moreover it had a distinctive shape that, once an individual had seen one, would have allowed it to be readily identified. So this element rings true. The second element that is not “pure fantasia” is the “cloud” apparently fired by the “fighter plane” at the Allied formation.

This has all the hallmarks of the “Kugelblitz” system first detailed by Renato Vesco, a gas that was used to ignite or neutralize Allied ignitions. But here the connections to known German secret weapons projects end, for the “cloud" then behaves in a most un- gas-like manner. It neither explodes, nor do the Allied planes’ ignitions explode or simply stop.

There are no planes falling from the sky, no crashes on the ground, no debris, no nothing. However, the signatures of the “gas cloud” are remarkably similar to the glowing globes that apparently annihilated a German regiment on the Eastern Front in 1943, and remarkably similar as well to similar globes spotted by various pilots near the former Soviet Union and adduced by Bearden as demonstrations of scalar weapons systems by the Russians.

The report is clear: the Allied planes simply disappeared.

So we have, from an unlikely source, yet another indicator that Nazi Germany most likely was developing scalar physics and scalar weapons as a component of its most sensitive and secret weapons projects.

Conclusions and A Post-War Scalar Postscript: the “Scalar Weapons"

West Germany had outstanding treaty obligations against the development of atomic weapons. Scalar weapons were not covered in these treaties, and thus afforded the fastest and cheapest method for Germany to acquire strategic weapons that would level the super-power dominated playing field.

Their existence in the contemporary German arsenal would also explain two recent events: first, the recent decision of the German government to take all of its nuclear power plants out of commission, since the "left over Plutonium” would no longer be needed for any bombs" and secondly, the sudden "reunification" of the two Germanies after a series of devastating earthquakes hit the Soviet Union in 1989.

In other words, Germany may have sent the weakened Soviet Union a clear "scalar message" not to interfere in the reunification. 

Evidence presented in Zdenek Cervenkas and Barbara Rogers' book "The Nuclear Axis: the Secret Collaboration Between West Germany and South Africa", documentsthat it was West Germany that was the technological source behind South Africa’s and Israel's development of the Atom bomb.

Of course, this is not the official German government explanation for its decision.

The official explanation is couched in the politically acceptable currency that the decision was taken for "environmental reasons". 

This is not to say that this was not a genuine factor in the German government’s decision, but only to say that it was probably not the ultimate motivation. 

Earthquakes, it will be recalled, are a signature of the use of a scalar weapon in its lowest thresholds of destructive potential.

That Germany seems the obvious choice only requires a moment’s reflection. Other than Russia, one cannot honestly maintain that France or Great Britain would have been in a terrible hurry to see Germany reunified.

It is known that Chancellor Konrad Adenauer agreed to re-arm West Germany and undertook by treaty with the United States. France, and Great Britain, not to build atomic, biological, or chemical weapons on German soil as a condition of re-armament.

What is little known, of course, is that Adenauer made it very clear to the other Western Allies that Germany, as a sovereign nation, would not hesitate to develop such weapons if the international situation required it.

Might the motivations for Adenauer’s acquiescence, then, have been that the West German government already knew of the possibility of weapons far more destructive and far cheaper than atomic and thermonuclear weapons?

Clearly it did. for it strains credibility to think that with so many former Nazis in his government, not to mention General Reinhard Gehlen’s extensive left-over-from-the war spy network, that they were totally oblivious to the possibilities, nor oblivious to the accomplishments of SS General Kammler’s black projects “think tank”.

It likewise strains credibility that any self-respecting German government would rely on the good graces of Britain, France, or the United States to ensure its security.

The West German government very early on undertook the quiet and very secret development of its own independent nuclear deterrent under the very nose of the NATO Alliance while at the same time presenting a posture of perfectly correct “nuclear weapons abjuration” and, when the German media came too close to these projects, outright denials in the teeth of clear evidence to the contrary.

Unsettled History: The Nazi Bell Aircraft in American Skies
By Paul Darin
Epoch Times
8 February 2014
   
The Nazi Bell, an aircraft involving anti-gravity technology, disappeared after World War II, but crafts with the same design have allegedly been sighted across the United States, leading some to believe that the U.S. government has the Nazi Bell and is experimenting with it.

It is said that during the Nazi occupation of Poland, the Nazis—specifically Nazi scientist Wernher von Braun and SS General Hans Kammler—were working on a craft that used electro-magnetism as its propulsion. The craft was known as “Die Glocke” or “The Bell.”

Some sketches of the craft have survived, according to the History Channel, and they specify dimensions of 10 feet high and 5 feet in diameter.

There is no evidence to support the project’s use during World War II, but there is evidence of its development. As Germany was being invaded by the Allies, the entire bell project—along with project leader Kammler—disappeared.

Conspiracy theorists suggest that the Nazi Bell was taken to the United States—as were many German scientists—and that the United States has continued research on the technology.

Both von Braun and Kammler were developers of advanced German weapons and rocketry, including the V–2 rocket. Von Braun surrendered to Allied forces during Germany’s fall and was enlisted in the U.S. government for advanced propulsion and rocket development. Von Braun headed up the Saturn rocket development for NASA and played a significant role in putting Americans on the moon with the successful Saturn V rocket used in Apollo 11, according to PBS.

UFO supporters believe the German bell craft is related to the UFO crash in Kecksburg, Pa., on 9 December 1965. Perhaps the most famous UFO incident second to Roswell, the Kecksburg incident involved many eye witnesses who saw a fiery streak overhead and a crash. There were civilian responders to the crash before the Army, National Security Agency, Department of Defense, and NASA showed up to claim the object, according to "UFO Evidence"..

Allegedly, first responders included Kecksburg volunteer firefighters, who saw an acorn-shaped object half-buried where it went down in the woods.

Other residents claim to have made it to the site before authorities and reported seeing a golden-bronze colored, acorn-shaped craft large enough to fit just one occupant and marked with strange hieroglyphic writing. The object appeared to be one solid piece of metal with no rivets or seams, according to "UFO Evidence"..

Hundreds of witnesses were near the crash site but were reportedly turned away by military personnel. Some witnesses saw the object leaving on a flatbed truck.

In 2005, NASA revealed that the object was a downed Soviet satellite, contrary to their earlier claims, according to "Today in History". NASA also claimed that all records of the incident were misplaced sometime in the 1990s.

Other sightings of bell-shaped UFOs over America include four bell-shaped objects sighted over Maryland on April 5, 2009, and a more recent domed, bell-shaped UFO floating over Colorado on Jan. 15, 2013.

Perhaps the origin of these bell-shaped objects—be it Nazi-designed, American reverse-engineered, or extra-terrestrial—will never be known, even though these objects continue to be seen throughout America and abroad.

The test was first brought to the attention of the German researchers Edgar Meyer and Thomas Mehner by an elderly German expatriate in Argentina by the name of Adolf Bernd Freier, shortly before his death.

According to Freier. the test took place on 4 March 1945 at the old troop parade ground at Ohrdruf. There, a small scaffold about 6 meters high had been erected, at the top of which a small "atomic weapon".

The weapon, according to Freier, was "100 grams"

This is one of the most significant, and highly problematical, allegations regarding the real nature of the Nazi atom bomb project, made by someone supposedly involved in it, for as will be immediately obvious, 100 grams is far short of the 50 or so kilograms of critical mass needed for a uranium-based atom bomb, and well below the amount needed for the critical mass for a typical Plutonium bomb.

Yet, Freier is insistent upon this point, and moreover alleges that all the "slaves", the luckless concentration camp victims that were forced to take part in the test, within a circle of 500-600 meters from ground zero were killed. 

This would give an area of approximately 1 to 1.2 kilometers of blast damage, roughly the effect of a modern tactical nuclear bomb. 

These points indicate that the “A-Waffe: or "atomic weapon" was in fact a full fedged atom bomb.

So how does one explain the extraordinarily small critical mass, especially since the Manhattan Project was aiming for a Uuranium critical mass of around 50 kilograms?

The question deserves serious consideration, for it affords yet another possible clue - if the allegation is to be credited with accuracy into the real nature of the Nazi atom bomb project.

The project was developed by several different and discreet groups for reasons partly due to security, and for reasons partly due to the practical nature of the German program

The real atom bomb development occurred far from the prying eyes of Allied Intelligence, under the auspices of the Reichspost and more importantly, under the direct auspices of the SS.

The second fact of the German atom bomb project was its emphasis on what was practically achievable during the war.

Hence, while the Germans knew of the possibilities of Plutonium and a Plutonium-based atom bomb, and therefore knew that a functioning reactor used to produce Plutonium for bombs would thereby enable Germany to develop more bombs for the same investment of fissile material, they also knew that a major technical hurdle lay across the path: The development of a successful reactor in the first place.

Thus, as has been previously argued, they opted to develop a Uranium-based bomb only, since Uranium could be enriched to weapons grade purity without the necessity of the development of a reactor, and since they already possessed the technologies to do so, if employed en masse.

Like its American Manhattan Project counterpart, the SS-run program relied on massive numbers of enrichment units to separate and purify isotope.

Germany was also seeking to be able to deploy such bombs as warheads on its rockets. And that meant, given their limited lift capabilities, that the weight of the warheads had somehow to be reduced by several orders of magnitude for their rockets to be able to carry them. 

In the 1920s and '30s, Germany's Verein für Raumschiftfahrt [Spaceship Society], a club for model rocket enthusiasts, nurtured the band of men who would eventually place men on the moon. With the encouragement of von Braun's various apologists, historians have often treated the V2 [and the slave labor system that produced it] as a militaristic aberration forced on the VfR's peace-loving idealists by a Nazi bureaucracy whose vision extended no further than new types of super-artillery.

Things are seldom so simple however. While some of the pre-war German and Austrian rocket enthusiasts were no doubt dazzled by romantic dreams of space voyaging and while some may have been forced to do what they did, terror weapons were never altogether foreign to their thinking.

Manned space flight was, as early as the 1930s, viewed as a weapon of intercontinental war by Eugen Sänger, the acknowledged father of practical German space programs.

Be that as it may, by 1945, Germany had dabbled with at least three military, manned space programs: Sänger's antipodal bomber, a manned, intercontinental, two-stage V2, and, incredibly enough given Germany's limited resources, a Nazi space station.

Sänger's antipodal bomber was at once the earliest serious plan for manned space flight in the Germanic world and the most advanced and forward-thinking.

The "Silver Bird," as the development team called it, was a hypersonic, single-stage-to-orbit aerospace plane powered, in its original form, by gasoline and liquid oxygen rocket motors. It would cruise at speeds above Mach 10 [6,200 mph] or just about three times the SR-71 Blackbird's published record) at altitudes between 37 and 47 miles.

It was an extraordinary conception for 1933. By 1938, when Sänger offered his creation to the Austrian war ministry, his stainless-steel wind tunnel models featured ultra-thin, knife-edged, wedge-profile wings and a flat-bottomed, plano-convex fuselage that earned the craft the further nickname of "flat iron".

Sänger arrived at this shape after exhaustive trials in what were then the world's only supersonic wind tunnels, located in Germany. The design included a pressure cabin, retractable landing gear, a bomb bay, and jettisonable heat shields for the cabin windows.

 

In its operation, the Antipodal Bomber was a hybrid of aircraft and orbital spacecraft.

It was to take off from a special rocket sled running on a monorail. When it reached 1640 ft/sec, it would lift off and climb to operational altitude in a steep, near-ballistic trajectory. But the Silver Bird would shut down its engines before attaining orbital velocity. It would sink back to earth until it bounced off the upper edge of the atmosphere. The bomber would proceed to the target like a stone skipping over the surface of a pond.

After dropping its weapons, it would continue on around the globe to its base.

As near as we know, the Sänger aerospace plane got no closer to the hardware stage than the afore- mentioned wind-tunnel models. Germany's other notable manned space venture, on the other hand, was a member of the V2 rocket family. Many of its elements were actually tested using sub-scale, V2 components. The A9/A10 project was a two-stage, hypersonic, semi-ballistic manned bomber with a planned 3000-mile range.

Taking the aerodynamics of the experimental, winged A4b version of the V2 for their starting point, the engineers at Germany's Peenemünde rocket center added a pressurized cockpit, landing gear, flaps, ailerons, elevators, and a turbojet sustainer engine. They planned to mount this A9 on a huge A10 booster, in essence a V2 grown to monstrous proportions.

The A9/A10 composite would take off vertically. After staging, the A9 component would follow a ballistic trajectory to the edge of space, 210 miles up. It would then fall back to earth until, 750 miles from its base, at an altitude of about 30 miles, and at speeds of over 8000 mph, the wingborne portion of the flight began. The A9 would approach its target in a high-Mach, unpowered glide. Forty-five minutes into the mission, it would release its modest one-ton bomb load, start the turbojet, and turn for home.

t is hard to say how practical either of the rocket plane schemes could have been either, given the state of the art in the 1940s and the ever-worsening shortages of rare metals and petrochemicals.

The German engineers appear to have grossly under-estimated the thermal loads on a winged re-entry vehicle. These would not be on the order of an Apollo capsule, but they would still pose a formidable problem.

Stainless steel might not be up to the job and was hard to fabricate. Titanium was still in the future. Inconel and the nimonic alloys that made the X-15 possible were still a few years away. Even now, the only working aerospace plane, the Space Shuttle, has to have ceramic tiles over all highly heated surfaces.

Propulsion would also be a problem. As the new masters of German science, the US and USSR, discovered in the 1950s, V2-type engines could not simply be scaled up in the manner planned for the A10. Sänger-style, single-stage-to-orbit systems are still no more than a dream after sixty years.

Even if the A9/A10 or the Antipodal Bomber had been built and made to work, one wonders what it would all be for.

A paltry ton of high explosive could hardly have a measurable effect on the war. It could never justify either program's staggering cost in money, raw materials, and industrial capacity.

Some writers have suggested that one or both was an intended delivery vehicle for a Nazi nuclear weapon. But the Nazis had no hope of fielding an A-bomb by 1944 or 1945.

n any case, it would be decades before nuclear weapons could be had in 2,000-4,000 lb packages [the Hiroshima and Nagasaki weapons weighed in at around 10,000 lbs each].

The Nazi space program is thus best understood as little more than a self-indulgent delusion, one of many that occupied Germany's Bunker-bound leadership and self-serving intelligentsia as disaster and defeat overtook the nation they professed to lead.

Another problem may have presented itself to the Germans, a problem illumined for them by their own knowledge of the possibilities offered by Plutonium-based bombs: How does one get more bang for the Reichsmark without the use of Plutonium?

Is there a way to rely on less Uranium in a critical mass assembly than is conventionally thought?

There is such a way, via “boosted fission,” i.e., through the addition of some high neutron emitting source to the atomic fuel to spit extra fast neutrons into the chain reaction than would be caused by the critical mass itself. In short, the Germans were already thinking in terms of second generation nuclear weaponry. 

One such neutron emitting source is precisely deuterium and tritium; Thus, “boosted fission” would have afforded the German bomb program a practical way to increase the number of bombs available to them, and a reliable method for achieving an uncontrolled nuclear fission reaction with lower purity of enriched material.

It is perhaps quite significant, that Freier's testimony concerning the Three Corners underground weapons factories also mentions the existence of an underground heavy water plant in the facilities, for heavy water, of course, contains atoms of deuterium and tritium [heavy hydrogen atoms with one and two extra neutrons in the nucleus respectively].

That some sort of atomic test did take place in Ohrdruf seems apparent from the physical evidence of the region: Old tree stumps are flattened in a radial pattern from a common center, as if blasted away in a huge explosion. And the region also has the highest background radiation of any area of modern Germany

But, to consider, for a moment, the implication of that 100 grams. If that 100 grams represented Plutonium , then it is just barely conceivable that the weapon tested at Ohrdruf was a fully functional ‘'boosted fission” atom bomb, for that is just about the minimum possible amount of Plutonium for a conventional modern boosted fission tactical nuclear bomb.

But therein, too, lies the problem, for that very small amount of Plutonium would require by the nature of the case a very high purity of Plutonium.

It would require not only a reactor technology, but a rather well-advanced one, and of course, German failures in building a conventional graphite moderated reactor are well-known, as are Heisenberg’s own clumsy attempts at construction of a heavy-water moderated reactor towards the end of the war.

What all this leads up to is that a third generation nuclear weapon, not a neutron bomb as alleged by William Lyne, nor a “boosted fission” bomb, but a pure fusion device, a pure hydrogen bomb,, may in fact been the type of device tested at Ohrdruf, one relying, not on fission, but on the fusion of heavy hydrogen , to achieve its yield.

Only such a device is in keeping with the very small weight and very high yield recorded for it. That the Germans had the technology to produce the heavy water for such a device is known. But to produce a conventional explosive to achieve the extremely high density and fusion energies necessary is another matter,

The Implied Existence of a Reactor Technology: Hartek and Houtermann's "Cold” Reactors and the “Recipe"

Oddly enough, it is the physicist Fritz Houtermanns and the nuclear chemist Paul Hartek who point clearly and unequivocally to the existence within Nazi Germany of some very unusual, and even very refined, ideas for reactors with unusual, and very available moderators.

Hartek had early on hit upon the simple expedient of using tons of dry ice as a moderator in a reactor, a solution that avoided the cooling and energy problems of a conventional graphite reactor and moreover served his purposes well: The creation of large amounts of nuclear waste to be dusted over enemy cities.

More significantly, Houtermann pointed the way to a methane cooled and moderated reactor. In any case, in both concepts one sees the same principles and aims at work: The creation of a relatively “cool” reactor that avoided the problems associated with graphite, and the creation of a reactor for the express purpose of creating large quantities of isotopes.

Both concepts, in any case, would have leant themselves rather more easily to the insertion of materials for “salting” via neutron bombardment. In other words, both types of reactor, and especially some version of Houtermanns’ methane reactor, would have been ideal designs for creating a ’’doped” compound such as Red Mercury or Xerum 525.

The question of whether or not the Nazis would have actually constructed and operated some version of either reactor is a moot one, since the SS-run black projects would have concealed their existence quite successfully, as it did with the Uranium enrichment facilities at Auschwitz.

Given the nature of this program it is extremely unlikely that the SS would not have attempted from the earliest date feasible to construct and operate a reactor.

The existence of the Ohdruf test and the Bell’s mysterious “Xerum 525" point clearly, if not entirely conclusively, to the existence of just such a hidden and operational reactor technology inside the Third Reich, a technology that, as the existence of “Xerum 525” indicates, was used in some very exotic materials engineering.

The Bell itself may thus be not only related to such technology, but it is also conceivable that it might be at its nucleus. The Germans have discovered some prototypical ballotechnic in “Xerum 525”,

A book published in Italy, on 30 September 2005 is set to reignite a smouldering controversy over how close the Nazis came to manufacturing a nuclear device in the closing stages of the Second World War.

The 88 year-old author, Luigi Romersa, in his book "Hitler's Secret Weapon", claims to be the last living witness to an experimental detonation of a Nazi weapon he says was the world's first atom bomb. 

Some historians believe was the experimental detonation of a rudimentary weapon on an island in the Baltic in 1944, and that Hitler was preparing to unleash a nuclear bomb on the Allies in the last days of the Second World War.

Hitler's nuclear programme has become a subject of intense dispute in recent months, particularly in Germany.

An independent historian, Rainer Karlsch, met with a barrage of hostility when he published a study containing evidence that the Nazis had got much further than previously believed, suggesting that the Nazis conducted three nuclear weapons tests in 1944 and 1945, killing 700 people.

His claims have been ridiculed by other historians, who pointed out that only a few dozen German physicists were involved in developing nuclear devices. In comparison, it took 125,000 Americans, including six future Nobel Prize winners, to develop the atomic bombs that exploded over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. .

Romersa's story suggests the Nazis were much further advanced in their nuclear ambitions than has previously been thought. It has reignites a dispute over how close Hitler came to having nuclear weapons.

Romersa, a supporter of Mr Karlsch's thesis, lives today in an elegant flat in the Parioli district of Rome. His study walls are covered with photographs from a career during which he interviewed many of the major figures of the 20th century, from Chiang Kai-shek to Lyndon Johnson. Though he suffers from some ill-health these days, he is still lucid and articulate.

He told the "Guardian" how, in September 1944, Italy's wartime dictator, Benito Mussolini, had summoned him to the town of Salo to entrust him with a special, secret mission. Mussolini was then leader of the Nazi-installed government of northern Italy and Mr Romersa was a 27 year-old war correspondent for "Corriere della Sera".

Mr Romersa said that when Mussolini had met Hitler earlier in the conflict, the Nazi dictator had alluded to Germany's development of weapons capable of reversing the course of the war. "Mussolini said to me: 'I want to know more about these weapons. I asked Hitler but he was unforthcoming'.

Mussolini provided him with letters of introduction to both Josef Göbbels, the Nazi propaganda chief, and Hitler himself. After meeting both men in Germany, was sent to Germany and he met Hitler in a Bunker in Rastenburg, northern Poland. He was also given a tour around the Nazis' secret weapons plant at Peenemünde, on the Baltic coast. 

Romersa said how he saw weapons "streets ahead of any conventional weapons the allies had at the time" :

"They were developing a missile which they said they intended to launch from Europe across the Atlantic to bomb America. Hitler and Nazi Germany had a very, very developed weapons programme and were certainly capable of creating an atomic bomb".

On the morning of 12 October 1944, Romersa was taken to what is now the holiday island of Rügen, just off the German coast, where he watched the detonation of what his hosts called a "disintegration bomb".

"They took me to a concrete Bunker with an aperture of exceptionally thick glass.

"At a certain moment, the news came through that detonation was imminent," he said.

"We were handed special glasses, there was a slight tremor in the Bunker; and when the bomb detonated there was a sudden, blinding flash of light so bright that it penetrated the glasses we were given.

"It lit up the room, and then a thick cloud of smoke. It took the shape of a column and then that of a big flower.

"The officials there told me we had to remain in the Bunker for several hours because of the effects of the bomb.

"When we eventually left, they made us put on a sort of coat and trousers which seemed to me to be made of asbestos and we went to the scene of the explosion, which was about one and a half kilometres away.

"The effects were tragic. The trees around had been turned to carbon. No leaves. Nothing alive. There were some animals -sheep- in the area and they too had been burnt to cinders". 

Stralsund resident Elisabeth Mestlin saw explosion and a large purple mushroom shaped cloud hovering over Bug peninsula from the island of Vitte Hiddensee on 12 October 1944.

Manhattan Project scientist Philip Morrison in "Time" magazine 27 November 1944 notes reading interrogation reports of two German officers [captured], near Peenemünde who disclosed that Germany already had the bomb...Morrison stated:  

"I read a report on the interrogation of German officers [captured], near Peenemünde who had seen the purple mushroom-shaped cloud. We thought this to be very reliable, but they upset us.

"I sent a memorandum to safety advisers, in which I informed that President Roosevelt should not be meeting with Churchill in London, because it was feared London would be attacked by use of the atomic bomb. Every evening and morning I listened BBC radio to see if London still existed. V2 rocket would be enough to move a small atomic bomb". 

Werner Grothmann [Himmler's adjutant] mentions this test.

At the location on Bug Isthmus on which the Rügen nuclear tests occurred in October 1944, there are two craters filled with water contaminated by Cobalt 60 and Caesium 137, an artificial radionuclide created in nuclear explosions. 

There are no similar coastal ponds or lagoons along the Baltic coast similarly contaminated to the same levels thus it is not radioactive fallout from Chernobyl. 

German testing of nuclear weapons is also mentioned in OSS Report A-44 136/5985, 7 November 1944

On his return to Italy, Mr Romersa briefed Mussolini on his visit.

1. The Bell represented the culmination of a project possibly begun in the mid- 1920s, under the instigation and inspiration of Walther Gerlach;
2. The Bell was intentionally designed, as “a plasma trap” and oscillator designed to subject highly doped radioactive elements in compound with mercury to extremes of mechanical rotation and electrical stress;
3. The purpose of this device may have been, in part, to test the gravitational, vorticular, and "scalar” physics implications of Gerlach’s and his student Hilgenberg’s views of the vorticular structure of matter and of the aether itself, the ultimate ingredients in any planet-busting doomsday weapon;
4. The project may have been inspired in part by a paleophysical “reconstruction” of ancient esoteric and classical texts regarding the properties of mercury and its “transmutability”, as Gerlach’s references to “alchemy” suggest;
5. the project may have also been intended to study not only the uses of this theory and technology for energy production and propulsion, but, as the existence of “Xerum 525” and its similarities to the alleged “ballotechnic” Red Mercury suggest, it may also have been intended to create and or investigate the areas of extremely high density matter states and their use as potential weapons in their own right, as distinct from any “scalar” weapons potential as may have existed under point 3 above.

Thus stated it is small wonder that the SS went to such extreme lengths to protect and preserve the secrets of the Bell. After all, what little is known of it is known only from one war crimes trial affidavit of an SS general being tried in post-war Poland for crimes against his own SS, and from the handful of surviving concentration camp victims who worked on the project or in its immediate environs, and who witnessed its effects.

One of its original team members. Dr. Kurt Debus, was subsequently employed by NASA in a very critical position: as a director of the Kennedy Space Flight Center in Florida.

Interestingly enough, Debus never once mentioned any connection, or gave any inkling, of the existence of a project as secret and as advanced as the Bell.

Were it not for the action of the Polish government declassifying SS General Sporrenberg’s -the general who was actually tasked with murdering the Bell’s research technicians for the SS- war crimes trial affidavit, were it not for the stories of the few remaining eyewitnesses, and for the efforts of Igor Witkowski, nothing whatsoever would be known of it to this day.

It is worth mentioning again that fact which most UFOlogists know: That the “modern era" of the UFO began with pilot Kenneth Arnold sighting several silvery metal objects skipping across the skies of Washington state while he was Hying his private plane.

Arnold’s sighting, just a few days before the celebrated Roswell incident, inaugurated the modern era of the UFO.

But few are aware of the peculiar resemblance of Arnold's "UFO" to a piece of very real, and very German, hardware already flying in 1939. the Flying Wing of the Horten Brothers.

The 1947 mass appearance of UFOs over the United States included numerous sightings around our atomic installations at Hanford and Oak Ridge, as well as the great scarred area near Alamagordo, New Mexico, where we had fired our first atomic device.

Many UFOIogists took their cue from Frank Edwards’ bestselling "Flying Saucers, Serious Business", maintaining that the early post-war UFO activity was reconnaissance of our military bases, and particularly, of our atomic testing:

"The explosions of the first manmade atomic bombs in 1945 were followed by the appearance of UFO’s in numbers in 1949.... The 1947 mass appearance of UFO’s over the United States included numerous sightings around our atomic installations at Hanford and Oak Ridge, as well as the great scarred area near Alamagordo, New Mexico, where we had fired our first atomic device".

This idea was picked up by Stanton Friedmann and others, who maintained the very plausible scenario that E.T. was monitoring our burgeoning nuclear and soon to be thermonuclear military capabilities, as any prudent intelligent society would monitor the military activities of a potential threat.

 But then Friedmann and others failed to notice the significance of the parenthetical statement Edwards himself makes in the above quotation:

"The two bombs were exploded over Japan: the 1946 UFO’s w-ere over Scandinavia and Russia. If they were looking for the source of those atomic flashes, they had the right latitude but the wrong longitude".

But. given the speculative history recounted in my previous book on Nazi secret weapons, Reich of the Black Sun, and the circumstantial case presented in it for German test"s of nuclear ' Frank Edwards, Flying Saucers, Serious Business (London: Mayflower- Dell. 1967). pp. 136-137. 4 Frank Edwards. Flying Saucers, Serious Business, p. 137.

However, . given the speculative history  and the circumstantial case presented  for German tests of nuclear devices in 1944 and early 1945 in the Baltic and in Thuringia, then the logic takes on a whole new context and sinister significance.

If “E.T.” was indeed monitoring atomic tests and human intentions, then the 1946 “fly-bys” over the Baltic and Scandinavia were indeed at the right place.

Annie Jacobsen, "Area 51: An Uncensored History of America's Top Secret Military Base" - RuBooks.org

It was nighttime on the Rio Grande, 29 May 1947, and Army scientists, engineers, and technicians at the White Sands Proving Ground in New Mexico were anxiously putting the final touches on their own American secret weapon, called 'Hermes'. The twenty-five-foot-long, three-thousand-pound rocket had originally been named V-2, or Vergeltungswaffe 2, which means "vengeance" in German. But 'Hermes' sounded less spiteful; Hermes being the ancient Greek messenger of the gods.

The actual rocket that now stood on Test Stand 33 had belonged to Adolf Hitler just a little more than two years before. It had come off the same German slave-labor production lines as the rockets that the Third Reich had used to terrorize the people of London, Antwerp, and Paris during the war.

The U.S. Army had confiscated nearly two hundred V-2s from inside Peenemünde, Germany's rocket manufacturing plant, and shipped them to White Sands beginning the first month after the war. Under a parallel, even more secret project called "Operation Paperclip" the complete details of which remain classified as of 2011, 118 captured German rocket scientists were given new lives and careers and brought to the missile range. Hundreds of others would follow.

Two of these German scientists were now readying 'Hermes' for its test launch.

One, Wernher Von Braun, had invented this rocket, which was the world's first ballistic missile, or flying bomb. And the second scientist, Dr. Ernst Steinhoff, had designed the V-2 rocket's brain.

That spring night in 1947, the V-2 lifted up off the pad, rising slowly at first, with von Braun and Steinhoff watching intently. 'Hermes' consumed more than a thousand pounds of rocket fuel in its first 2.5 seconds as it elevated to fifty feet. The next fifty feet were much easier, as were the hundred feet after that. The rocket gained speed, and the laws of physics kicked in: Aything can fly if you make it move fast enough.

'Hermes' was now fully aloft, climbing quickly into the night sky and headed for the upper atmosphere. At least that was the plan. Just a few moments later, the winged missile suddenly and unexpectedly reversed course. Instead of heading north to the uninhabited terrain inside the two-million-square-acre White Sands Proving Ground, the rocket began heading south toward downtown El Paso, Texas.

Dr. Steinhoff was watching the missile's trajectory through a telescope from an observation post one mile south of the launchpad, and having personally designed the V-2 rocket-guidance controls back when he worked for Adolf Hitler, Dr. Steinhoff was the one best equipped to recognize errors in the test. In the event that Steinhoff detected an errant launch, he would notify Army engineers, who would immediately cut the fuel to the rocket's motors via remote control, allowing it to crash safely inside the missile range.

But Dr. Steinhoff said nothing as the misguided V-2 arced over El Paso and headed for Mexico.

Minutes later, the rocket crash-landed into the Tepeyac Cemetery, three miles south of Juarez, a heavily populated city of 120,000. The violent blast shook virtually every building in El Paso and Juarez, terrifying citizens of both cities, who swamped newspaper offices, police headquarters and radio stations with anxious telephone inquiries. The missile left a crater that was fifty feet wide and twenty-four feet deep. It was a miracle no one was killed.

Army officials rushed to Juarez to smooth over the event while Mexican soldiers were dispatched to guard the crater's rim. The mission, the men, and the rocket were all classified top secret; no one could know specific details about any of this. Investigators silenced Mexican officials by cleaning up the large, bowl-shaped cavity and paying for damages. But back at White Sands, reparations were not so easily made.

Allegations of sabotage by the German scientists who were in charge of the top secret project overwhelmed the workload of the Intelligence officers at White Sands.

Attitudes toward the former Third Reich scientists who were now working for the United States tended to fall into two distinct categories at the time. There was the let-bygones-be-bygones approach, an attitude summed up by the Army officer in charge of 'Operation Paperclip', Bosquet Wev, who stated that to occupy oneself with "picayune details" about German scientists' past actions was "beating a dead Nazi horse". The logic behind this thinking was that a disbanded Third Reich presented no future harm to America but a burgeoning Soviet military certainly did and if the Germans were working for us, they couldn't be working for them.

Others disagreed, including Albert Einstein. Five months before the Juarez crash, Einstein and the newly formed Federation of American Scientists appealed to President Truman:

"We hold these individuals to be potentially dangerous¡.­ Their former eminence as Nazi party members and supporters raises the issue of their fitness to become American citizens and hold key positions in American industrial, scientific and educational institutions".

For Einstein, making deals with war criminals was undemocratic as well as dangerous.

While the public debate went on, internal investigations began. And the rocket work at White Sands continued. The German scientists had been testing V-2s there for fourteen months, and while investigations of the Juarez rocket crash were under way, three more missiles fired from Test Stand 33 crash-landed outside the restricted facility: one near Alamogordo, New Mexico, and another near Las Cruces, New Mexico. A third went down outside Juarez, Mexico, again.

The German scientists blamed the near tragedies on old V-2 components. Seawater had corroded some of the parts during the original boat trip from Germany.

But in top secret written reports, Army Intelligence officers were building a case that would lay blame on the German scientists.

The War Department Intelligence unit that kept tabs on the German scientists had designated some of the Germans at the base as "under suspicion of being potential security risks". When not working, the men were confined to a six-acre section of the base. The officers' club was off-limits to all the Germans, including the rocket team's leaders, Steinhoff and von Braun.

It was in this atmosphere of failed tests and mistrust that an extra-ordinary event happened, one that, at first glance, seemed totally unrelated to the missile launches.

During the first week of July 1947, U.S. Signal Corps engineers began tracking two objects with remarkable flying capabilities moving across the southwestern United States.

What made the aircraft extra-ordinary was that, although they flew in a traditional, forward-moving motion, the craft, whatever they were, began to hover sporadically before continuing to fly on.

This kind of technology was beyond any aerodynamic capabilities the U.S. Air Force had in development in the summer of 1947. When multiple sources began reporting the same data, it became clear that the radar wasn't showing phantom returns, or electronic ghosts, but something real. Kirtland Army Air Force Base, just north of the White Sands Proving Ground, tracked the flying craft into its near vicinity.

The commanding officer there ordered a decorated World War II pilot named Kenny Chandler into a fighter jet to locate and chase the unidentified flying craft.

This fact has never before been disclosed.

Chandler never visually spotted what he'd been sent to look for. But within hours of Chandler's sweep of the skies, one of the flying objects crashed near Roswell, New Mexico.

Immediately, the office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, or JCS, took command and control and recovered the airframe and some propulsion equipment, including the crashed craft's power plant, or energy source.

The recovered craft looked nothing like a conventional aircraft. The vehicle had no tail and it had no wings. The fuselage was round, and there was a dome mounted on the top.

In secret Army iItelligence memos declassified in 1994, it would be referred to as a "flying disc".

Most alarming was a fact kept secret until now, inside the disc, there was a very earthly hallmark: Russian writing.

Block letters from the Cyrillic alphabet had been stamped, or embossed, in a ring running around the inside of the craft.

In a critical moment, the American military had its worst fears realized. The Russian army must have gotten its hands on German aerospace engineers more capable than Ernst Steinhoff and Wernher von Braun, engineers who must have developed this flying craft years before for the German air force, or Luftwaffe.

The Russians simply could not have developed this kind of advanced technology on their own. Russia's stockpile of weapons and its body of scientists had been decimated during the war; the nation had lost more than twenty million people. Most Russian scientists still alive had spent the war in the Gulag.

But the Russians, like the Americans, the British, and the French, had pillaged Hitler's best and brightest scientists as war booty, each country taking advantage of them to move forward in the new world. And now, in July of 1947, shockingly, the Soviet supreme leader had somehow managed not only to penetrate U.S. airspace near the Alaskan border, but to fly over several of the most sensitive military installations in the western United States.

Stalin had done this with foreign technology that the U.S. Army Air Forces knew nothing about. It was an incursion so brazen, so antithetical to the perception of America's strong national security, which included the military's ability to defend itself against air attack, that upper-echelon Army Intelligence officers swept in and took control of the entire situation.

The first thing they did was initiate the withdrawal of the original Roswell Army Air Field press release, the one that stated that a "flying disc"­ landed on a ranch near Roswell, and then they replaced it with the second press release, the one that said that a weather balloon had crashed, nothing more.

509th was an elite nuclear air wing, and at the time was the only nuclear air group in the world. On the morning of 8 July 1947, Colonel William Blanchard, commander of the 509th Bomb Group, issued the infamous press release stating that the wreckage of mankind's first captured "flying disc" [UFO] had been recovered. 

A question quickly comes to mind, about the press release: how could these officers of an elite corps, not only make such a clumsy mistake -if we believe the Air Force- but, in addition to that, worsen their case by making that dramatic announcement, contrary to the rules of military secrecy, to which they were especially well trained? 

The second part of the question applies as well if they had, indeed, found a real "flying disc": They should not have announced it either unless they had the proper authorization, so that there is a part of the story which remains unclear, even today.

Hours later the first press release was rescinded and the second press release stated that the 509th Bomb Group had mistakenly identified a weather balloon as wreckage of a flying saucer

The weather balloon story has remained the official cover story ever since.

Of all the historically significant political/military events of the 20th Century, none have had more official explanations than the so called "Roswell Incident".

As of 2011, the United States government has issued four sanctioned explanations:

• The crash of a flying saucer,
• The remains of a weather balloon
• The remains of a "Project Mogul" balloon
• Crash test dummies

If the government lied about the last three explanations, why should the general public believe the first one?

The fears were legitimate:

FFears that the Russians had hover-and fly technology, that their flying craft could outfox U.S. radar, and that they could deliver to America a devastating blow.

The single most worrisome question facing the Joint Chiefs of Staff at the time was:

What if atomic energy propelled the Russian craft? Or worse, what if it dispersed radioactive particles, like a modern-day dirty bomb?

In 1947, the United States believed it still had a monopoly on the atomic bomb as a deliverable weapon. But as early as June 1942, Hermann Göring, commander in chief of the Luftwaffe, had been overseeing the Third Reich's research council on nuclear physics as a weapon in its development of an airplane called the "Amerika Bomber", designed to drop a dirty bomb on New York City.

he Amerika bomber project was an initiative of the German Reichsluftfahrtministerium to obtain a long-range strategic bomber for the Luftwaffe that would be capable of striking the United States from Germany, a round-trip distance of about 11,600 km [7,200 mi].

The concept was raised as early as 1938, but advanced, cogent plans for such a long-range strategic bomber design did not begin to appear in ReichsmarschallHermann Göring's offices until early 1942. Various proposals were put forward, including using the Amerika bomber to deliver proposed German nuclear weapons.

Any number of those scientists could be working for the Russians. The Central Intelligence Group, the CIA's institutional predecessor, did not yet know that a spy at Los Alamos National Laboratory, a man named Klaus Fuchs, had stolen bomb blueprints and given them to Stalin. Or that Russia was two years away from testing its own atomic bomb. In the immediate aftermath of the crash, all the Joint Chiefs of Staff had to go on from the Central Intelligence Group was speculation about what atomic technology Russia might have.

For the military, the very fact that New Mexico's airspace had been violated was shocking. This region of the country was the single most sensitive weapons-related domain in all of America. The White Sands Missile Range was home to the nation's classified weapons-delivery systems.

The nuclear laboratory up the road, the Los Alamos Laboratory, was where scientists had developed the atomic bomb and where they were now working on nuclear packages with a thousand times the yield. Outside Albuquerque, at a production facility called Sandia Base, assembly-line workers were forging Los Alamos nuclear packages into smaller and smaller bombs. Forty-five miles to the southwest, at the Roswell Army Air Field, the 509th Bomb Wing was the only wing of long-range bombers equipped to carry and drop nuclear bombs.

Things went from complicated to critical at the revelation that there was a second crash site. Paperclip scientists Wernher von Braun and Ernst Steinhoff, still under review over the Juarez rocket crash, were called on for their expertise. Several other Paperclip scientists specializing in aviation medicine were brought in.

The evidence of whatever had crashed at and around Roswell, New Mexico, in the first week of July in 1947 was gathered together by a Joint Chiefs of Staff technical services unit and secreted away in a manner so clandestine, it followed security protocols established for transporting uranium in the early days of the Manhattan Project.

The first order of business was to determine where the technology had come from. The Joint Chiefs of Staff tasked an elite group working under the direct orders of G-2 Army intelligence to initiate a top secret project called "Operation Harass". Based on the testimony of America's Paperclip scientists, Army intelligence officers believed that the flying disc was the brainchild of two former Third Reich airplane engineers, named Walter and Reimar Horten, now working for the Russian military. Orders were drawn up. The manhunt was on.

Walter and Reimar Horten were two aerospace engineers whose importance in seminal aircraft projects had somehow been overlooked when America and the Soviet Union were fighting over scientists at the end of the war. The brothers were the inventors of several of Hitler's flying-wing aircraft, including one called the Horten 229 or Horten IX, a wing-shaped, tailless airplane that had been developed at a secret facility in Baden-Baden during the war.

From the Paperclip scientists at Wright Field, the Army Intelligence investigators learned that Hitler was rumored to have been developing a faster-flying aircraft that had been designed by the brothers and was shaped like a saucer. Maybe, the Paperclips said, there had been a later-model Horten in the works before Germany surrendered, meaning that even if Stalin didn't have the Horten brothers themselves, he could very likely have gotten control of their blueprints and plans.

The flying disc that crashed at Roswell had technology more advanced than anything the U.S. Army Air Forces had ever seen. Its propulsion techniques were particularly confounding. What made the craft go so fast? How was it so stealthy and how did it trick radar?

The disc had appeared on Army radar screens briefly and then suddenly disappeared. The incident at Roswell happened just weeks before the National Security Act, which meant there was no true Central Intelligence Agency to handle the investigation. Instead, hundreds of Counter Intelligence Corps [CIC] officers from the U.S. Army's European command were dispatched across Germany in search of anyone who knew anything about Walter and Reimar Horten. Officers tracked down and interviewed the brothers' relatives, colleagues, professors, and acquaintances with an urgency not seen since Operation ALSOS, in which Allied Forces sought information about Hitler's atomic scientists and nuclear programs during the war.

A records group of more than three hundred pages of Army Intelligence documents reveals many of the details of "Operation Harass". They were declassified in 1994, after a researcher named Timothy Cooper filed a request for documents under the Freedom of Information Act. One memo, called 'Air Intelligence Guide for Alleged Flying Saucer Type Aircraft', detailed for CIC officers the parameters of the flying saucer technology the military was looking for, features which were evidenced in the craft that crashed at Roswell.

Extreme maneuverability and apparent ability to almost hover; a plan form approximating that of an oval or disc with dome shape on the surface; the ability to quickly disappear by high speed or by complete disintegration; the ability to group together very quickly in a tight formation when more than one aircraft are together; evasive motion ability indicating possibility of being manually operated, or possibly, by electronic or remote control.

The Counter Intelligence Corps' official 1947 C1948 manhunt for the Horten brothers reads at times like a spy novel and at times like a wild goose chase. The first real lead in the hunt came from Dr. Adolf Smekal of Frankfurt, who provided CIC with a list of possible informants' names.

Agents were told a dizzying array of alleged facts: Reimar was living in secret in East Prussia; Reimar was living in Göttingen, in what had been the British zone; Reimar had been kidnapped "presumably by the Russians" in the latter part of 1946. If you want to know where Reimar is, one informant said, you must first locate Hannah Reitsch, the famous aviatrix who was living in Bad Hauheim. As for Walter, he was working as a consultant for the French; he was last seen in Frankfurt trying to find work with a university there; he was in Dessau; actually, he was in Russia; he was in Luxembourg, or maybe it was France. One German scientist turned informant chided CIC agents. If they really wanted to know where the Horten brothers were, he said, and what they were capable of, then go ask the American Paperclip scientists living at Wright Field.

Neatly typed and intricately detailed summaries of hundreds of interviews with the Horten brothers' colleagues and relatives flooded the CIC. Army Intelligence officers spent months chasing leads, but most information led them back to square one. In the fall of 1947, prospects of locating the brothers seemed grim until November, when CIC agents caught a break.

A former Messerschmitt test pilot named Fritz Wendel offered up some firsthand testimony that seemed real. The Horten brothers had indeed been working on a flying saucer-like craft in Heiligenbeil, East Prussia, right after the war, Wendel said. The airplane was ten meters long and shaped like a half-moon. It had no tail. The prototype was designed to be flown by one man lying down flat on his stomach. It reached a ceiling of twelve thousand feet. Wendel drew diagrams of this saucerlike aircraft, as did a second German informant named Professor George, who described a later model Horten as being "very much like a round cake with a large sector cut out" and that had been developed to carry more than one crew member. The later-model Horten could travel higher and faster, up to 1,200 mph. because it was propelled by rockets rather than jet engines. Its cabin was allegedly pressurized for high-altitude flights.

The Americans pressed Fritz Wendel for more. Could it hover? Not that Wendel knew. Did he know if groups could fly tightly together? Wendel said he had no idea. Were "high speed escapement methods" designed into the craft? Wendel wasn't sure. Could the flying disc be remotely controlled? Yes, Wendel said he knew of radio-control experiments being conducted by Siemens and Halske at their electrical factory in Berlin. Army officers asked Wendel if he had heard of any hovering or near-hovering technologies. No. Did Wendel have any idea about the tactical purposes for such an aircraft? Wendel said he had no idea.

The next batch of solid information came from a rocket engineer named Walter Ziegler. During the war, Ziegler had worked at the car manufacturer Bayerische Motoren Werke, or BMW, which served as a front for advanced rocket-science research. There, Ziegler had been on a team tasked with developing advanced fighter jets powered by rockets. Ziegler relayed a chilling tale that gave investigators an important clue. One night, about a year after the war, in September of 1946, four hundred men from his former rocket group at BMW had been invited by Russian military officers to a fancy dinner.

The rocket scientists were wined and dined and, after a few hours, taken home. Most were drunk. Several hours later, all four hundred of the men were woken up in the middle of the night by their Russian hosts and told they were going to be taking a trip. Why Ziegler wasn't among them was not made clear. The Germans were told to bring their wives, their children, and whatever else they needed for a long trip. Mistresses and livestock were also fine. This was not a situation to which you could say no, Ziegler explained.

The scientists and their families were transported by rail to a small town outside Moscow where they had remained ever since, forced to work on secret military projects in terrible conditions.

According to Ziegler, it was at this top secret Russian facility, exact whereabouts unknown, that the German scientists were developing rockets and other advanced technologies under Russian supervision. These were Russia's version of the American Paperclip scientists. It was very possible, Ziegler said, that the Horten brothers had been working for the Russians at the secret facility there.

For nine long months, CIC agents typed up memo after memo relating various theories about where the Horten brothers were, what their flying saucers might have been designed for, and what leads should or should not be pursued. And then, six months into the investigation, on 12 March 1948, along came abrupt news. The Horten brothers had been found. In a memo to the European command of the 970th CIC, Major Earl S. Browning Jr. explained.

"The Horten Brothers have been located and interrogated by American Agencies", Browning said. The Russians had likely found the blueprints of the flying wing after all. "It is Walter Horten's opinion that the blueprints of the Horten IX may have been found by Russian troops at the Gotha Railroad Car Factory", the memo read. But a second memo, entitled 'Extracts on Horten', Walter, explained a little more.

Former Messerschmitt test pilot Fritz Wendel's information about the Horten brothers' wingless, tailless, saucerlike craft that had room for more than one crew member was confirmed. "Walter Horten's opinion is that sufficient German types of flying wings existed in the developing or designing stages when the Russians occupied Germany, and these types may have enabled the Russians to produce the flying saucer".

There is no mention of Reimar Horten, the second brother, in any of the hundreds of pages of documents released to Timothy Cooper as part of his Freedom of Information Act request, despite the fact that both brothers had been confirmed as located and interrogated. Nor is there any mention of what Reimar Horten did or did not say about the later-model Horten flying discs. But one memo mentioned the "Horten X" ......

Due to the rapidly deteriorating war conditions in Germany in the last months of WWII, the  [Reichs Luftfahrt  Ministerium issued a specification for a fighter project.

It would use a minimum of strategic materials, be suitable for rapid mass production and have a performance equal to the best piston engined fighters of the time.

The "Volksjäger" project, as it became known, was issued on 8 September 1944 to Arado, Blohm & Voss, Fiesler, Focke-Wulf, Junkers, Heinkel,  Messerschmitt and  Siebel.

The new fighter also needed to weigh no more than 2000 kg [4410 lbs], have a maximum speed of 750 km/h [457 mph], a minimum endurance of 30 minutes, a tak-eoff distance of 500 m [1604 ft], and it was to use the BMW 003 turbojet.  

Although not chosen to submit a design, the Horten Brothers came up with the Ho X [10] that met the specifications laid out by the RLM.

Using a similar concept that they had been working on with their Horten IX [Ho 229] flying wing fighter,  the Ho X was to be constructed of steel pipes covered with plywood panels in the center section, with the outer sections constructed from two-ply wood beams covered in plywood.

The wing featured two sweepbacks, approximately 60 degrees at the nose, tapering into a 43 degree sweepback out to the wingtips.

Control was to be provided by combined ailerons and elevators at the wingtips, along with drag surfaces at the wingtips for lateral control. A single BMW 003E jet engine with 900 kp of thrust was housed in the rear of the aircraft, which was fed by two air intakes on either side of the cockpit. 

One advantage to this design was that different jet engines could be accommodated, such as the Heinkel-Hirth He S 011 with 1300 kp of thrust, which was to be added later after its development was complete.

The landing gear was to be of a tricycle arrangement and the  pilot sat in a pressurized cockpit in front of the engine compartment. Armament consisted of a single MK 108 30mm cannon [or a single MK 213 30mm cannon] in the nose and two MG 131 13mm machine guns, one in each wing root

In order to determine the center of gravity on various sweepback angles, scale models with a 3.05 meter [10 feet] wingspan were built.

A full-sized glider was also under construction but was not completed before the war's end. Due to the ending of hostilities in 1945, the Horten Ho X was not completed.

Of the competing firms the Heinkel He 162 Volksjäger a single-engine, jet-powered fighter aircraft, designed and built quickly, and made primarily of wood as metals were in very short supply and prioritised for other aircraft, was the winner.

The He 162 was the fastest of the first generation of Axis and Allied jets. Other names given to the plane include 'Salamander', which was the codename of its construction program, and 'Spatz' [Sparrow], which was the name given to the plane by Heinkel.

.....and another referred to "the Horten XIII" . No further details have been provided, and a 2011 Freedom of Information Act request by the author met a dead end.

The Horten Ho XIII B supersonic flying wing fighter was developed from the Ho XIII A glider, which had 60 degree swept-back wings and an underslung nacelle for the pilot. 

The XIII B was to be powered by a single BMW 003R turbojet/rocket engine. The cockpit was located in the base of a large, sharply swept vertical fin. 

Like the research XIII A glider, the XIII B also had swept back wings at a 60 degree angle.

Projected armament were two MG 213 20mm cannon, and the Ho XIII B was projected to be flying by mid-1946.

Span: 12 m [39' 4.8"]              Length: 12 m [39' 4.8"]           Max. Speed: 1800 km/h [1,118 mph]

On 12 May 1948, the headquarters of European command sent the director of Intelligence at the United States Forces in Austria a puzzling memo. "Walter Horten has admitted his contacts with the Russians",,it said. That was the last mention of the Horten brothers in the Army Intelligence's declassified record for "Operation Harass".

Whatever else officially exists on the Horten brothers and their advanced flying saucer continues to be classified as of 2011, and the crash remains from Roswell quickly fell into the blackest regions of government.

They would stay at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base for approximately four years. From there, they would quietly be shipped out west to become intertwined with a secret facility out in the middle of the Nevada desert. No one but a handful of people would have any idea they were there.

Lt Col Walker, at the Air Material Command, asked his operatives in the field to discretely track down the Horten brothers and ascertain whether their radical "Flying Wing" designs - developed during WWII - might be responsible for the rash of Flying Saucer sightings in 1947.

This is a document released under the Freedom Of Information Act

SECRET 

HEADQUARTERS BERLIN COMMAND
OFFICE OF MILITARY GOVERNMENT FOR GERMANY [US
BERLIN, GERMANY 

S-2 Branch 
APO 742, US ARMY 

Subject: Horten Brothers [Flying Saucers] 

To: Deputy Director of Intelligence
European Command, Frankfurt
APO 757, US Army 
 

1. The Horten brothers, Reimar and Walter, are residing in Göttingen at present. However, both of them are traveling a great deal throughout the Bi-Zone. Walter at present is traveling in Bavaria in search of a suitable place of employment. It is believed that he may have contacted USAFE Head-quarters in Wiesbaden for possible evacuation to the United States under "Paper Clip". Reimar is presently studying advanced mathematics at the university of Bonn, and is about to obtain his doctor's degree. It is believed that when his studies are completed he intends to accept a teaching position at the Institute for Technology [Techniscbe Hochschule] in Braunschweig sometime in February or March 1948.

2. Both brothers are exceedingly peculiar and can be easily classified as eccentric and individualistic. Especially is this so of Reimar. He is the one who developed the theory of the flying wing and subsequently of all the models and aircrafts built by the brothers. Walter, on the other hand is the engineer who tried to put into practice the several somewhat fantastic ideas of his brother. The clash of personalities resulted in a continuous quarrel and friction between the two brothers. Reimar was always developing new ideas which would increase the speed of the aircraft or improve its manoeuvrability; Walter on the other hand was tearing down the fantastic ideas of his brother by practical calculations and considerations.

3. The two men worked together up to and including the "Horten VIII" a flying wing intended to be a fighter plane powered with two Hirt engines [HM-60-R] with a performance of approximately 650 horsepower each. After the "Horten VIII" was finished, one of the usual and frequent quarrels separated the two brothers temporarily. Walter went to work alone on the "Horten IX", which is a fighter plane of the flying wing design, with practically no changes from the model VIII except for the engines. Walter substituted the Hirt engines with BMW Jets of the type TL-004. The plane was made completely of plywood and was furnished with a Messerschmidt ME-109 Landing gear.

The model of this aircraft [Horten IX] was tested extensively in the supersonic wind tunnel [Mach No. 1.0] of the aero-dynamic testing institute [Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt, located in Göttingen. The tests were conducted in the late summer of 1944 under the personal supervision of Professor Betz, chief of the institute. Betz at that time was approximately sixty years old and next to Prandtel [then seventy-eight years old], was considered to be the best man on aerodynamics in Germany.

Betz's attitude toward the flying wing is very conservative to say the least. Basically he is against the design of any flying wing. According to the official reports about the tests, air disturbances were created on the wing tips, resulting in air vacuums, which in turn would prevent the steering mechanism from functioning properly. This seems logical as, of course, neither the ailerons nor the rudders could properly accomplish their function in a partial vacuum created by air disturbances and whirls. 

In spite of that, two Horten IX's were built and tried out by a test pilot, Eugen [now living in Gottingen] at Rechlin in the fall of 1944. One of the two planes, piloted by another test pilot, developed trouble with one of the jet engines while the pilot was trying to ascertain the maximum rate of climb. The right jet stopped suddenly, causing the aircraft to go into an immediate spin and subsequent crash in which the pilot was killed. Eugen, however, was more fortunate in putting the other ship through all the necessary paces without the least trouble.

He maintains that the maximum speed attained was around 950 km per hour, and that there were no steering difficulties whatsoever, and that the danger of both head and tail spins was no greater that any other conventional aircraft. 

After extensive tests, the Horten IX was accepted by the German Air Force as represented by Göring, who ordered immediate mass production. The first order went to Gothaer Waggon Fabrik, located in Gotha [Thuringia] in January 1945. Göring requested that ten planes be built immediately and that the entire factory was to concentrate and be converted to the production of the Horten IX. The firm in question received all the plans and designs of the ship. In spite of this explicit order, production of the Horten IX was never started.

The technical manager of the firm, Berthold, immediately upon receipt of the plans, submitted a number of suggestions to improve the aircraft. It is believed that his intention was to eliminate the Horten brothers as inventors and to modify the ship to such an extent that it would be more his brain child than anybody else's. Numerous letters were exchanged from High Command of the German Air Force and Dr. Berthold, which finally were interrupted by the armistice in May 1945.

When US troops occupied the town of Gotha, the designs of the Horten IX were kept in hiding and not handed over to American Military authorities. The original designs in possession of the Horten brothers were hidden in a salt mine in Salzdettfurt, but the model tested by Eugen was destroyed in April 1945. The original designs were recovered from Salzdettfurt by British authorities in the summer of 1945. 

The Horten brothers, together with Dr. Betz, Eugen and Dr. Stüper [the test pilot of the aerodynamic institute in Gottingen], were invited to go to England in the late summer of 1945 where they remained for approximately ninety days. They were interrogated and questioned about their ideas and were given several problems to work on. However Reimar was very unwilling to cooperate to any extent whatsoever, unless an immediate contract was offered to him and his brother. Walter, on the other hand, not being a theoretician, was unable to comply and Reimar was sufficiently stubborn not to move a finger.

Upon their return to Göttingen Walter remained in contact with British authorities and was actually paid a salary by the British between October 1945 and April 1946, as the British contemplated but never did offer him employment. Walter subsequently had a final argument with his brother and the two decided to part. Reimar then went to the university of Bonn to obtain his degree, and Walter organized an engineering office in Göttingen which served as a cover firm to keep him out of trouble with the labor authorities. Walter married Fräulein von der Gröben, an extremely intelligent woman, former chief secretary to Air Force General Udet. 

In the spring of 1947 Walter Horten heard about the flying wing design in the United States by Northrop and decided to write Northrop for employment. He was answered in the summer of 1947 by a letter in which Northrop pointed out that he, himself, could not do anything to get him over to the States, but that he would welcome it very much if he could come to the United States and take up employment with the firm. He recommended that Walter should get in touch with USAFE Headquarters in Wiesbaden in order to obtain necessary clearance. 

Post-war, the western Allies dismissed the Horten brothers' work, though the British toyed with a transport version of the Amerika Bomber.

Walter stayed in Germany and eventually rejoined the Luftwaffe; Reimar went to Argentina and worked for the Peron government. 

Meanwhile, Jack Northrop was still trying to build a successful all-wing turbojet bomber in the 1950s.

That he never hired the Hortens, who as German engineers were recruited for the U.S. space program, may have been one of history's great missed opportunities. 

4. As can be seen from the above, most of the Hortens' work took place in Western Germany. According to our source, neither of the brothers ever had any contact with any representative of the Soviet Air Force or any other foreign power. In spite of the fact that Reimar is rather disgusted with the British for not offering him a contract, it is believed very unlikely that he has approached the Soviet authorities in order to sell out to them.

The only possible link between the Horten brothers and the Soviet authorities is the fact that a complete set of plans and designs were hidden at the Gothaer Waggon Fabrik and the knowledge of this is known by Dr. Berthold and a number of other engineers. It is possible and likely that either Berthold or any of the others having knowledge of the Horten IX would have sold out to the Soviet authorities for one of a number of reasons. However, this will be checked upon in the future, and it is hoped that contact with the the Gothaer Waggon Fabrik can be established. 

5. As far as the "flying saucer" is concerned, a number of people were contacted in order to verify whether or not any such design at any time was contemplated or existed in the files of any German air research institute.

The people contacted included the following: 

• Walter Horten
• Fräulein von der Gröben, former Secretary to Air Force Genera Ernstl Udet 
• Günter Heinrich, former office for research of the High Command of the Air Force in Berlin
• Professor Betz, former chief of Aerodynamic Institute in Göttingen
• Eugen, former test pilot

All the above mentioned people contacted independently and at different times are very insistent on the fact that to their knowledge and belief no such design ever existed nor was projected by any of the German air research institutions. While they agree that such a design would be highly practical and desirable, they do not know anything about its possible realization now or in the past.

Unsettled History: The Nazi Bell Aircraft in American Skies
By Paul Darin
Epoch Times
8 February 2014
   
The Nazi Bell, an aircraft involving anti-gravity technology, disappeared after World War II, but crafts with the same design have allegedly been sighted across the United States, leading some to believe that the U.S. government has the Nazi Bell and is experimenting with it.

It is said that during the Nazi occupation of Poland, the Nazis—specifically Nazi scientist Wernher von Braun and SS General Hans Kammler—were working on a craft that used electro-magnetism as its propulsion. The craft was known as “Die Glocke” or “The Bell.”

Some sketches of the craft have survived, according to the History Channel, and they specify dimensions of 10 feet high and 5 feet in diameter.

There is no evidence to support the project’s use during World War II, but there is evidence of its development. As Germany was being invaded by the Allies, the entire bell project—along with project leader Kammler—disappeared.

Conspiracy theorists suggest that the Nazi Bell was taken to the United States—as were many German scientists—and that the United States has continued research on the technology.

Both von Braun and Kammler were developers of advanced German weapons and rocketry, including the V–2 rocket. Von Braun surrendered to Allied forces during Germany’s fall and was enlisted in the U.S. government for advanced propulsion and rocket development. Von Braun headed up the Saturn rocket development for NASA and played a significant role in putting Americans on the moon with the successful Saturn V rocket used in Apollo 11, according to PBS.

UFO supporters believe the German bell craft is related to the UFO crash in Kecksburg, Pa., on 9 December 1965.

Perhaps the most famous UFO incident second to Roswell, the Kecksburg incident involved many eye witnesses who saw a fiery streak overhead and a crash. There were civilian responders to the crash before the Army, National Security Agency, Department of Defense, and NASA showed up to claim the object, according to "UFO Evidence"..

Allegedly, first responders included Kecksburg volunteer firefighters, who saw an acorn-shaped object half-buried where it went down in the woods.

Other residents claim to have made it to the site before authorities and reported seeing a golden-bronze colored, acorn-shaped craft large enough to fit just one occupant and marked with strange hieroglyphic writing. The object appeared to be one solid piece of metal with no rivets or seams, according to "UFO Evidence"..

Hundreds of witnesses were near the crash site but were reportedly turned away by military personnel. Some witnesses saw the object leaving on a flatbed truck. In 2005, NASA revealed that the object was a downed Soviet satellite, contrary to their earlier claims, according to "Today in History". NASA also claimed that all records of the incident were misplaced sometime in the 1990s.

Other sightings of bell-shaped UFOs over America include four bell-shaped objects sighted over Maryland on April 5, 2009, and a more recent domed, bell-shaped UFO floating over Colorado on Jan. 15, 2013.

Perhaps the origin of these bell-shaped objects—be it Nazi-designed, American reverse-engineered, or extra-terrestrial—will never be known, even though these objects continue to be seen throughout America and abroad.