Götterdämmerung and Aftermath

• The foundations for the grand space project, the Race for the Moon, were laid down during WWII. 
•  This project was conceived and designed as a collaboration between two superpowers. 
•  The Cold War was a convenient cover under which aspects of this project could be implemented and hidden.

-- Mary Bennett and David S Percy, "Dark Moon: Apollo and the Whistleblowers"

"The methods and philosophies that the Nazi scientists brought with them resulted in serious breaches of U.S. security and the unthinkable horror of American soldiers being used as research guinea pigs in the same way that concentration camp prisoners had been used during the war". 

--Linda Hunt, "The United States Government, Nazi Scientists, and Project Paperclip: 1945 to 1990" [New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991]
  
"James Webb, NASA’s second administrator, complained that the Germans were circumventing the system by attempting to build the Saturn V in-house at the center. 

"Rocco Petrone, who became the Marshall director in 1973, said that Webb felt the group needed to be more tightly controlled".

"...Germany’s ‘Amerika-Rakete’ was to be armed with a nuclear warhead. The report sounds utterly fantastic. But was the danger real?"

--Friedrich Georg, "Hitlers Siegeswaffen"  

In August 1946, a highly placed department of the English War Office disclosed that "Hitler wanted the Moon".

In the race of "disclosure" after the war’s end and before the iron vaults of "national security" slammed shut and the lied Legend of atomic engineering superiority was born, such extra-ordinary revelations were commonplace.

Indeed, one must wonder if there was not a psychological or disinformation operation being run behind these early post-war disclosures, to direct attention, particularly Soviet attention, away from areas of Nazi accomplishments that were not merely paper studies and fantasies.

Even here, however, one must pause, for if Nazi Germany was successful, or even perilously close, in obtaining atom bombs prior to the war’s end, then the comment can not be brushed aside so easily. 

The War Office comment, and Consolidated Vultee’s two page "Life" magazine advertisement disclosing the existence of blueprints of a 3,000 mile range rocket in an underground factory implies the existence of a rocket technology -and hence the delivery systems for a nuclear warhead- considerably more advanced than the puny V-2 with its limited lift and range. 

 

A9/10 drawing dated 10 June 1941
Hypersonic A9 stage highlighted

The A9 was a winged version of the Peenemünde-designed A4 [V-2] missile. 

The V-2 flew a simple ballistic trajectory after its fuel was expended, essentially like a giant artillery shell, falling on a target some 200 miles away at about three times the speed of sound [2,000 mph]. 

Although this tremendous speed added greatly to the destructive power of the missile, there was another way it could be used.

By adding wings to the missile and modifying the guidance system, the designers redirected the kinetic energy of the falling projectile into extra range.

As the rocket encountered thicker air on its descent, it would execute a high-g pullout and enter a shallow glide. In this way, speed could be traded for distance.

While the rocket would reach its target at sub-sonic speed, and might therefore be vulnerable to defenses, it would be able to strike a target some 400 miles away only seventeen minutes after launch.

Design studies began as early as 1940.

In addition to the wing modifications, the A9 would have been somewhat larger than the V-2 and its engine would have produced about thirty percent more thrust.

Development was suspended around 1941, but several V-2s were hastily modified in late 1944 to approximate the A9 configuration, under the designation A4b. 

Loss of the V-2 launch sites in France and the Low Countries after the D-Day invasion made it necessary to consider ways to continue V-2 attacks on England from sites in Germany. 

The first A4b launch on 8 January 1945 was unsuccessful, but a second, on 25 January, went better. The missile was fired vertically and reached an altitude of 50 miles and a speed of about Mach 4 -2,700 mph- becoming the world's first winged supersonic guided missile.

One of the wings failed on the descent and the glide portion of the trajectory was not accomplished. Apparently no further launches of the A4b were conducted.

An even more advanced version of the A9 was planned to be used to attack the US from launch sites in Europe.

In order to do so, an additional booster stage, the A10, was necessary.

An initial report on the concept was issued by Peenemünde's propulsion expert, Dr Walter Thiel, on 18 December 1941, immediately after the US entered the war.

The intercontinental A9 was equipped with radically modified, highly-swept wings for a transatlantic glide beginning at hypersonic [greater than Mach 5] speeds and was nested in the nose of the A10.

The A10 itself was about 65 feet long and was equipped with a 375,000 lb thrust rocket engine burning Diesel-grade oil and nitric acid.

During its 50 second burn, it could accelerate the A9 to a speed of about 2,700 mph and an altitude of about 15 miles.

With the A9 installed, the composite rocket would have stood about 84 feet tall.

As German researcher Friedrich Georg notes, the comment points to the existence of von Braun’s A-14 moon rocket, a design for a five stage rocket to lift three astronauts to the moon and return them to the earth where they would then land in a version of Eric Sänger’s "“rocket plane".

And additionally, Consolidated Vultee’s disclosure also prompts a question: How did they know there were blueprints for such a rocket?

Blueprints imply something either ready to go into production or something already being built.

Where did Consolidated Vultee get its information?

And if five-staged moon rockets to carry three astronauts to the moon and back, and orbital “space planes” sound uncomfortably familiar, they should, for it would seem that von Braun’s later Saturn V booster -the actual three stage booster of the three-manned Apollo moon missions- and the space shuttle itself, are but later developments of some prototypical Nazi design concepts for manned space missions.

The U.S.A. Gets the Crème de la Crème 

Such disconcerting disclosures raise the other components of the Allied Legend, namely:

1. That in the race to acquire Nazi secret weapons, scientists, and engineers and the associated technologies, the Western Allies in general and America in particular made off with the lion’s share of the loot, the crème da la crème of the Third Reich’s scientists and technology, enabling its successful Apollo moon program and likewise its early ICBM development; 
2. That the German "secret weapons" projects consisted mostly of the V-1 "buzz bomb", the V-2 rocket, and half-hearted and failed attempts at atom bomb research, and that after 1942, the Peenemünde scientists developed little else of practical value to realize the fantasies of the Nazi leadership.
   ​No progress was made by the Nazis in long-range rocket bombardment beyond the V-2 besides paper projects that never were practically realized; 
3. the Germans were incompetent bunglers when it came to nuclear bomb physics and nowhere close to obtaining the atom bomb, much less enough weapons grade Uranium {and Plutonium?] to make one work. 

The Allied Legend as regards [3] is in serious trouble given recent declassifications and research based upon them.

Indeed, the Allied Legend is in need of serious revision, if not of being disposed of completely. 

The U.S.S.R.’s Early Space Achievements 

Sergei Korolëv, the brilliant engineering genius and mastermind of Russia’s early ICBM and space exploration development, like his counterpart Wernher von Braun in the U.S.A., laid a firm and lasting foundation for Russian space achievement.

His influence persists to this day, considering Russia’s Proton boosters are still the largest conventional chemical rockets in service, boosters that rely heavily on the basic concepts Korolëv pioneered.

On the basis of his principles and accomplishments, Soviet Russia maintained an early lead over America, racking up the following impressive list of “firsts”:

• It was the first to launch and orbit an artificial satellite, the famous Sputnik 
• It was the first to launch an animal -the little dog Laika- into space 
• It was the first to orbit and successfully return a man into space:
  Colonel Yuri Gagarin 
• It was the first to orbit and successfully return a woman into space 
• It was the first to land unmanned probes successfully on the Moon 
• It was the first to conduct successfully “extra-vehicular activity" -
  A space walk, by humans in orbit
  and last but not least, 
• It was the first to place nuclear and thermonuclear warheads on an ICBM, the SS-6 and SS-7 “Sapwood'.

And quite inexplicably, the Soviet Union seemed to have “lost its drive” when the Apollo 8 mission successfully orbited and the Apollo 11 mission successfully landed humans on the Moon and returned them safely to the Earth.

Inexplicably, the Soviet Union seemed to “just give up” and never launched its own manned Moon mission, even though it was well within Russian capabilities.

Equally inexplicably, the U.S.A., citing “budget cuts” and public disinterest, discontinued its own Moon program.

It abandoned the scheduled Apollo 18 through 21 missions, and broke up its remaining Saturn V boosters.

Tthe U.S.A. would not return to the Moon until the 1990s, with the Pentagon’s unmanned “Clementine” orbiter.

Then suddenly China orbited a human, and declared its intention to go to the Moon.

Suddenly American interest changed, and the Bush Administration decided it would be a good idea for America to go back while on our ultimate way to Mars.

From World War Two to the present, space represents a strange cast of characters and a strange plot indeed:

The Soviets led by Korolëv and his team of German engineers, the Americans and their team of German engineers, the French-dominated European space agency and their team of German engineers, the Japanese, the Indians, and now the Chinese.

China is significant for it underscores the actual Soviet achievement, for China’s space technology is but re-worked Soviet technology updated with the latest American

 

The core of the Sputnik 1 launcher was an early ICBM, the SS-6.
 

Its warhead was removed, an extra oxygen tank added in its place, 
and four additional boosters added around the outside.

 

China is significant for it underscores the actual Soviet achievement, for China’s space technology is but re-worked Soviet technology updated with the latest American

Booster and Lift Capabilities 

All this implies that the Soviet Union developed very early on boosters with enormous thrust and lift capabilities, as the following comparative charts of American and Russian rockets from the 1950s and 1960s illustrate.

 

 

American Boosters

 

As even a simple physical comparison demonstrates, in terms of raw boosting power, the Russians were consistently ahead of America throughout the earliest years of the Cold War, right down to the Apollo landings themselves.

Of course this is in part explained by the fact that the Russians had to develop rockets with greater thrust than America for two important reasons.

First, they were less successful in miniaturizing components than the Americans, and consequently, pound for functional pound, their rockets tended to be heavier.

But there is a much more important and obvious reason.

Given its relatively more northern latitude, the Russians could not take advantage of the greater angular velocity of the earth as could the Americans.

At the latitude of Cape Canaveral, the angular velocity of the earth is greater than at the Soviet Baikonur Kosmodrome.

Thus, the American rockets were not required to generate as much thrust to lift similar payloads.

But all this really only serves to underscore the Russian achievement all the more.

Working under more restrictive conditions, they overcame them.

How then was Korolëv and his design team able to achieve such early and stunning success with their boosters, especially since the U.S.A. was supposed to have gained the “crème de la crème” of German rocket scientists and engineers?

The First ICBMs and the Characteristic Russian “Bundle ” Rocket 

A closer glance at the first Russian ICBM, the same rocket used to launch and orbit Sputnik, with their typical “shape” distinctive of Russian boosters all the way up to the massive Proton booster, shows how. The typical Russian booster is not so much a single rocket but a “bundle” of rockets fastened around a central shaft which is itself another engine.

What’s Wrong with This Picture? 

Clearly, something is wrong with this picture. The U.S.A. did get the best and brightest of Nazi rocket scientists and technology, yet, the Russians made away with scores of “middle” echelon scientists and engineers.

How then did Korolëv hit upon the brilliant and simple expedient of the “bundle” rocket?

The standard explanation is that Korolëv while on a walk in the woods around his Dacha in Moscow was inspired by the root systems of enormous trees. They suggested to him the distinctive shape and concept of the Soviet “bundle rocket” boosters.

David Percy and Mary Bennett note in "Dark Moon", that the names chosen for America’s rockets might reflect a hidden occult agenda:

"It is our contention that the codenames given to projects by the Americans reveal through word association [either intentionally or unintentionally] much about their function.

"The names of the rockets designed by Wernher von Braun at this times were the Redstone and Jupiter.

"Although the old arsenal in which he worked at Huntsville was called Redstone, it is an interesting coincidence that Mars is also the red plant.

"Jupiter, associated with war and victory, is the Roman name for the god that the Greeks called Zeus, who was the father of Apollo".

In the light of the now known state of German wartime rocketry, this cannot be anything other than an attempt to deflect attention away from the real origin of the concept,

As a simple expedient to achieve quick heavy lift capability, it is a characteristic more of a nation at war -and in a hurry- straining to achieve a swift entry to space and long-range rocket bombardment capabilities.

It is an expedient that -like the Nazi decision to pursue only a Uranium-fueled atom bomb- fits the practical requirements of Nazi Germany.

The Real Origin of the Bundle Rocket: "Projekt Zossen" 

Not surprisingly, then, the real origin of the “bundle rocket” booster concept was in wartime Nazi Germany, where the idea was born in 1942 to “bundle together” five V-2 rocket engines, and fire them simultaneously, to achieve greater lift and range capability.

The plan was called “Project Zossen", a clue, perhaps, that the origin of the idea came from within the OKW’s super secret under-ground communications and command Bunker in Zossen, a suburb of Berlin.

In any case, the project was more than just a “paper project” for two designs were actually modeled and wind tunnel tests were performed on them. 

This expedient had the advantage over designing, testing and building an entirely new rocket in that the V-2’s components and performance capabilities were known quantities, already tested, and in production.

And clearly Korolëv’s boosters are but a streamlined second generation version of the earlier Nazi prototype.

But was a full scale version of the rocket, or for that matter, any of the other intercontinental rocket designs the Nazis had proposed, ever tested? 

SS Obergruppenführer Hans Kammlers “Evacuation” of Peenemünde and the Russian Arrival 

Is there any indication that these early German ICBM “bundle rockets” or any other long-range strategic rockets went to actual construction and testing?

If so, then the logical choice was Peenemünde, for in spite of the heavy attention of Allied bombers, it was the only place presumably with facilities large enough to achieve the task.

Strange Events at an “Empty” Site 

General Walter Dornberger made it clear that as early as 1939 the ultimate goal of the Peenemünde center was to create a long range rocket capable of striking New York City and other targets on the east coast of the United States.

Of course, this implies a capability to strike all of European Russia as well. 

By 29 July 1940, at Peenemünde the engineer Graupe had already produced the first designs for a trans-Atlantic 2 stage rocket.

Hermann Oberth began his own formal studies for the fuel and lift requirements for such a rocket in October of 1941, as the Wehrmacht continued to liquidate the Red Army in Operation Barbarossa.

But more to the point is a letter from the Reich’s emerging “plenipotentiary for secret weapons development” SS Obergruppenführer Hans Kammler, dated October 1943, and stating that the development of the Amerikarakete continued apace.

Moreover, there exist estimates for cost, labor, and material for the "America Rocket" that strongly suggest that it had become more than a mere "paper project".

As with anything else in Kammler’s black empire of black projects, anything suggesting"labor' meant the slave labor of concentration camps, and to suggest that the project was merely a “paper project” is to diminish the human suffering that was involved in its very real flesh and blood actualization.

Another factor must be weighed. 

There is a circumstantial case that the Nazis successfully tested an atom bomb ca. 10 October 1944, on the island of Rügen, or possibly some other island, standing along the German Baltic coast in the sea lanes running from Königsburg to Kiel.

This would imply that some time earlier in the summer of that year, the SS achieved some sort of breakthrough in its bomb program, perhaps finally acquiring enough critical mass to test in a bomb. In any case, the alleged Rügen test was successful, and as German researcher Friedrich Georg observes, the call then went out for "secure delivery systems".

- Friedrich George, "Star Wars 1947"

"This illustrates another facet of the German secret programs, one overlooked by most authors, namely, that unlike other countries, it appears that the Nazis gave the formal order for the development of these weapons after a test had been successfully completed. Thus, the order to 'develop' such weapons should not be taken as an order to establish the research necessary to bring them to realization, but rather as the order to bring them to production.

"It is thus noteworthy that Hitler signs the order to 'develop the atomic bomb after the alleged test in Rügen occurs. The same, in fact, could be said of the V- 2, for it is only after Hitler sees films of the rocket being successfully launched that he gives the order to develop it". 

It stands to reason then, that the Amerikarakete, given this alleged atomic bomb success and actual fuel air bomb success, was much more than a "paper rocket" 

By the time of its successful testing in 1944, the paper studies and wind tunnel tests were already two years old. The rocket was, in other words, on the track to actual testing and production.

All this leads us to General Kammler’s 31 January 1945 order to evacuate Peenemünde. According to the standard line, the explanation for this curious order is that the Red Army was expected to arrive at any moment. But the Red Army would not arrive at Peenemünde until 4 May.

This poses a significant question:

Was Peenemünde, as Friedrich Georg puts it, merely a "ghost town" for the three months from the evacuation order to the Russian arrival?

The order is even more curious given the fact that, since the massive British Royal Air Force raid in 1943 that all but destroyed the facility, the process had already begun of moving as much of the V-2 production to underground sites as possible.

True, the process was slow and still continuing when Kammler’s 1945 order came down, but nonetheless, it was already well under way. By early 1945 most of the V-2 production was at the massive underground factory of the notorious Mittelwerk at Nordhausen.

Thus the problem: Why give an order for something already taking place?

One late war incident suggests, and suggests quite strongly, that this was not the case, for on 9 March 1945, a British twin-engine photo-reconnaissance Mosquito fighter-bomber was chased from Peenemünde by no less than three German Messerschmitt 262 jet fighters.

Of course, one possible explanation for the British presence at the site was that they were simply trying to confirm what their Intelligence had probably already told them, namely, that Peenemünde had been evacuated.

But while that may explain the presence of the RAF Mosquito, it is not a good explanation for the -by that late date- relatively heavy presence of the Luftwaffe in the form of no less than three of its rare and valuable Messerschmitt 262 jet fighters.

Three jets just to chase an unarmed British photo-reconnaissance plane from a "ghost town"?

Clearly this makes no sense, and implies that something was still taking place at Peenemünde, something very secret and very important, something requiring all the protection the crumbling Luftwaffe could muster.

Seen in this way Kammler’s "evacuation" order of 31 January 1945 thus appears to be a clever ploy by the security-obsessed SS general, designed to throw Allied and Soviet Intelligence off the trail of whatever was still going on there.

Since most of the V-1 and V-2 teams were long gone from Peenemünde to their new underground facilities, something lse must have been going on that merited such heavy protection.

But what was it?

Fortunately, there do exist reports that during the period from March to April [and perhaps as late as May] 1945 that there were at least four tests of a large rocket named 'Thor’s Hammer" or the Amerikarakete. These reports moreover name both Peenemünde and Ohrdruf -site of the second alleged German A-bomb test on 4 March 1945- as the possible sites of these tests.

It is unlikely that Ohrdruf functioned as a test site for such a large rocket, since there was present there none of the necessary facilities to assemble and launch such a vehicle. So one is left with Peenemünde, the most likely place.

In any case, three of these tests were allegedly shots of the Amerikarakete into the Atlantic, and a fourth test was allegedly to see if orbit could be achieved!

- Georg, "Star Wars 1947".

Geoffrey Brooks corroborates the test launch of some longer-ranged version of the V-2 from the Ohrdruf region in the Harz:

"The A-9 'winged V-2' project was resurrected in 1944/45. German testimonies allege that at least one successful test launch was made from the Harz in March 1945 and in mass production this rocket could have hit London from central Germany".

- Brooks, "Hitler’s Terror Weapons".

But there is even further corroboration of mysterious goings-on at Peenemünde at the war’s end.

The “Urals Incident” 

Oddly, while Peenemünde was visited only lightly by the British RAF after its massive 1943 air raid, it was visited often, and heavily, by the Soviet Red Air Force right up to the war’s end, suggesting that, if the British had fallen for Kammler’s ruse, the Soviets had not.

It is an indication that they knew something that the Allies did not. Late-war German long-range rocket activity is corroborated, in fact, by the Russians themselves.

In the Spanish language edition of the Soviet Russian science magazine "Sputnik" there is a report of the destruction in 1945 -during the war- of a Russian munitions factory in the Ural Mountains near the river Tobol.

Notably, the article ascribed the destruction to a "terror attack" of "fascist perfidy" much like "the later attacks of American B-52 bombers against the port city of Haiphong in Vietnam".

If the Russian report is accurate and not merely a typical Communist exercise in disinformation or blame-shifting for their own bureaucratic incompetence, then this most probably was a rocket attack, since by that late date in the war the Luftwaffe had little left by way of long range heavy bombers able to make the trip,

[Most of the Luftwaffe’s bombers capable of making the trip were being husbanded in Norway for an eminent operation against New York City] a trip that in any case had little prospect of success given the Red Air Force’s mastery of the skies over eastern Europe.

Only a rocket attack could guarantee success for such an operation. Given all the foregoing, it is reasonable to conclude that the Nazis may actually have been successful in testing the first strategic ballistic missiles toward the end of the war, while falling just short of getting them into production. ....or is that too, yet another dangerous myth?

If the Nazis had indeed tested such long-range rockets, successfully fired one on Soviet Russia, then this implies that yet another phase of the Amerikaraket went beyond merely being a “paper study”.

The Nazis could have tested all the long range rockets they wished, but they would have been utterly useless without a means to guide them to target. Thus, the existence of a credible long range and secure guidance system is also corroborative evidence that the Amerikarakete was not just a paper project.

The question is, did the Nazis have such means of guidance? The answer is yes, and they did not just exist on paper.

Over-the-Horizon Radars and the Amerikarakete

Successful German tests of long range rockets, much less an actual German rocket attack on Russian sites in the Urals, implies the existence of associated technologies and methods to guide such missiles accurately to their targets.

Ffrom the scientific and engineering point of view in the early 1940s, accurate guidance of such rockets was the principal problem that the Germans faced, not the actual rocket itself.

A number of methods were therefore proposed to make the Amerikarakete accurate, some technological, others less so. Given that the Amerikarakete was intended to carry “small atom bombs” and “other weapons of mass destruction,” and since the inertial guidance system of the V-2 would have been inadequate and inaccurate for attacking targets on the American east coast, the Nazis had to consider a variety of alternative modes for guidanc.

In other words, if the Amerikarakete was not a paper project, then one should expect the Germans to be working in each of the following areas:

• Technological and secure means of guiding a rocket to targets at long range; or, failing that,
• Alternative methods of guiding a rocket accurately to a target at long range;
• Technologies of miniaturizing enough rocket and/or A-bomb (or H-bomb or fuel-air bomb) components to enable a long range rocket to be able to carry such heavy payloads. 

Viewed in this way, the Amerikarakete was anything but a paper project, since the Nazis considered any number of methods, from “back-pack” piloted rockets, to enable a pilot to guide the rocket to target visually before bailing out at the last minute, to actually planting a radio transponder inside the Empire State Building for a rocket to home in on, to much more sophisticated and ultimately much more secure technological means of guidance based on beam riding and radar interference.

It is this last category that is of most interest to our purposes in this book, for it is this last area of development that points very clearly to Nazi interest in, and development of, areas of physics ultimately very different than those pursued by their Allied counterparts.

The German Proto-Transistor And Television Minaturization 

Before examining German accomplishments in the technology of long-range rocket guidance, it is necessary to examine their success in the equally important area of miniaturization of components. Such a step was absolutely necessary if the Third Reich was ever to be successful in wedding its atom bomb - notoriously heavy device in those days- to a rocket.  

Any and every method appears to have been pursued by Kammler’s SS Sonderkommando, including techniques of boosting nuclear fission of atomic nuclei to lower the weight of the critical mass of a nuclear warhead.

But there were other successes in miniaturization. It is well known that Nazi Germany, during the infamous 1936 Berlin Olympics, successfully created the first live television broadcast of a sports event for a general public. 

Television sets were placed at various locations in the Olympic village and the environs of Greater Berlin to allow the visiting athletes, tourists and German citizens to watch the games as they occurred.

Needless to say, for Dr. Josef Göbbels’ Propaganda Ministry it was a propaganda coup of the first order, and a clear demonstration to the world of German technological prowess.

During the war, however, television quickly suggested itself to the Germans as a means of visually guiding a short-range missile to target by placing a television camera in the nose of a missile.

Transmitting a picture back to an operator on the ground or in an airplane, the rocket could then be unerringly guided to target. And by war’s end, they had successfully tested the first such “smart bomb".

Obviously, placing a television camera of the size of those used in the 1936 Olympic Games inside a missile was impractical, and so the camera had to be considerably miniaturized. By the war’s end, the Germans had been hugely successful in this task, accomplishing an almost tenfold reduction in size, a small television camera and receiver set, about the size of a large shoebox. 

Moreover, this miniaturization implies something enormously important, for such a tremendous reduction in size implies some sort of breakthrough in vacuum tube technology, if not in semi-conductor research itself. 

The Germans made a klystron tube the same approximate size as the last knuckle and fingertip of a little finger! In short, the Germans came exceedingly close, very early in the war, by virtue of competent research in semi-conductors, to achieving the transistor, for the Allied equivalent of this little tube at the end of the war is ten times as large.

This little “proto-transistor”, dating from 1940, was used in 1941 in small radios that actually entered production for the German military, radios that were “as small as the later transistor radios of the 1950s and that also functioned with batteries".

The Problem of the Miniature German Klystron Tube: Roswell, The E. T. Myth and the Nazi Legend

.Lt. Col. Philip J. Corso [US Army, Ret]) was perhaps something of a Godsend to UFO enthusiasts, for he corroborated -at least on the surface- the whole Roswell UFO-and-ET-crash and recovery scenario in his well-known book, "The Day After Roswell". Corso’s thesis is familiar to most people who have investigated the UFO literature.

In his post as a top national security military officer, Corso maintains in his book that he was entrusted with some of the “recovered technology” from the "alien craft" that crashed at Roswell. His assignment was gradually to "seed" those aspects of "recovered ET technology" into American industry.

Corso further maintains that among some of this “recovered and gradually seeded” technology were lasers, computers, fiber optics, and transistors.

Of course, after the book’s appearance and Corso’s own appearance on a popular overnight radio talk show, critical and historical analysis was all but suspended, and there was a further boost to the “ET” interpretation of the Roswell incident, all as a result of his book. 

Crucial to Corso’s case was the transistor, and he spends a great deal of time in his book demonstrating that his thesis of its “ET- Roswell” origin has to be true by pointing out that the history of the discovery of the transistor by Bell Laboratories is obscure at best.

The reason? Very simple.

The transistor had no prior "discovery history" because it was "ET" in origin. But given what has now been demonstrated, we propose that, there is another possible explanation for the origin of the transistor, one which, as we saw in "Reich of the Black Sun", it would appear that the highest authorities, including the military, wish to keep covered up.

That other possible source for the transistor, one that would much more satisfactorily explain its obscure discovery history than the ET hypothesis, is wartime Nazi research and accomplishment in semiconductor research.

Simply put, Corso’s work is, in this respect at least, pure obfuscation and disinformation, since one can only assume that a man of Corso’s obvious Intelligence could not have been unaware of German wartime scientific achievements, as plausibly demonstrated by the miniature klystron tube, fully seven years before the Roswell incident and its recovery of "advanced ET technology".

But there are other aspects of Corso’s work that must also be called into question vis-à-vis the state of Nazi secret weapons research. 

It is well known that the Germans undertook and developed a wide range of infrared sites to enhance the night-fighting ability of their tanks and infantry.

What is not generally known is the apparently high state of development of second and third generation technologies these infrared sites may have represented, for Polish researcher Igor Witkowski uncovered a certain amount of evidence in a recently declassified Alsos report that indicates preliminary work was undertaken in liquid crystals and something the Germans called "optical telephony".

This is an extremely intriguing discovery, because fiber optics is yet another technology that Col. Corso maintained was recovered from "ET" at Roswell and "gradually seeded" into American industry.

Over the Horizon Radars 

One little known aspect of German wartime research is the area of over-the-horizon radars.

While the Nazis were pursuing a number of options for the guidance of their intercontinental Amerikarakete, including a piloted version from which the pilot would eject at the last moment, the most preferred method was “beam riding,” a method that would allow the rocket to be guided to target by a beam.

One project consisted of placing a secret radio transmitter inside the Empire State building for the purpose. But by far the most serious and promising -and technologically involved- methods were the various Over-the-Horizon Radars that the Germans were developing for the purpose, the sets Elefant,

See-Elefant, and the Mobile Freya Unit 

The Elefant set was developed by the Research Department of the Deutsche Reischspost, and was the world’s first genuine over-the-horizon radar based on temperature inversions in the ionosphere.

The See-Elefant was a further development of this equipment, and was built in western Denmark and consisted of a sending antenna, approximately 100 meters high, placed between two permanent receiving antennae some distance to either side.

It was a broadband antenna system, operating in the 23-29 MHz, 24-30MHz, and 30- 38 MHz range.But the most advanced of these early over-the-horizon radars was the Freya unit, a “revolutionary system” that was “fully mobile".

The Freya unit represented a considerably newer and different principle than the Elefant or See-Elefant, with their single sending and two receiving antennae.

The central sending and receiving antenna sends out a pulse, which is also sent as secondary pulses slightly later by the antennae to either side.

This is a true phased array radar, able to shape and bend its signals around the curvature of the earth, or “over the horizon.” 

Consequently, the Germans, in spite of some technical shortcomings of their radar operations during the war, were experimenting in areas that were quite advanced for the day:

• Broadband radar systems based on 
• Phased array “signal shaping” for 
• Over-the-horizon, or “action at a distance” operation. 

They were combining all these ideas with that of sending pulses of bursts of energy. All of this was, of course, for the long-range guidance of their projected intercontinental rockets.

In any case, the accuracy of these types of systems had been brought to a high state by the Germans by October of 1943.

By that time, the accuracy was such that it was able to guide aircraft at a distance of 105 kilometers, during a bombing run, to release their bombs within 600 meters of their target, even though it was not visible to them.